- See Also
-
Gwern
- “What Is an ‘AI Warning Shot’?”, Gwern 2024
- “How Often Does Correlation=Causality?”, Gwern 2014
- “Littlewood’s Law and the Global Media”, Gwern 2018
- “On Seeing Through and Unseeing: The Hacker Mindset”, Gwern 2012
- “Banner Ads Considered Harmful”, Gwern 2017
- “Why Correlation Usually ≠ Causation”, Gwern 2014
- “On Having Enough Socks”, Gwern 2017
- “Are Sunk Costs Fallacies?”, Gwern 2012
- “On the Existence of Powerful Natural Languages”, Gwern 2016
- “Biased Information As Anti-Information”, Gwern 2012
- “LW Anchoring Experiment”, Gwern 2012
-
Links
- “Mind Your Step (by Step): Chain-Of-Thought Can Reduce Performance on Tasks Where Thinking Makes Humans Worse”, Liu et al 2024
- “More to Lose: The Adverse Effect of High Performance Ranking on Employees’ Preimplementation Attitudes Toward the Integration of Powerful AI Aids”, SimanTov-Nachlieli 2024
- “Seeing Faces in Things: A Model and Dataset for Pareidolia”, Hamilton et al 2024
- “The Economic Way of Thinking in a Pandemic”, Tabarrok 2024
- “Conversational AI Powered by Large Language Models Amplifies False Memories in Witness Interviews”, Chan et al 2024
- “Are Older People Aware of Their Cognitive Decline? Misperception and Financial Decision-Making”, Mazzonna & Peracchi 2024
- “Target Happiness Attenuates Perceivers’ Moral Condemnation of Prejudiced People”, Rose et al 2024
- “Magic and Empiricism in Early Chinese Rainmaking: A Cultural Evolutionary Analysis”, Hong et al 2024
- “How Beautiful People See the World: Cooperativeness Judgments of and by Beautiful People”, Zylbersztejn et al 2024
- “Lay Economic Reasoning: An Integrative Review and Call to Action”, Bhattacharjee & Dana 2024
- “A Quantitative Examination of Half-Belief in Superstition”, Caspi et al 2024
- “Vet Bills Are a Rip-Off—But My Dog Is worth It: They Call the Pets "Patients", but It’s Often the Owners Who Are Most Time-Consuming”, Kelner 2023
- “Economic Inequality Fosters the Belief That Success Is Zero-Sum”, Davidai 2023
- “A Systematic Comparison of Syllogistic Reasoning in Humans and Language Models”, Eisape et al 2023
- “The Power of Social Influence: A Replication and Extension of the Asch Experiment”, Franzen & Mader 2023
- “Drab and Distant Birds Are Studied Less Than Their Fancy-Feathered Friends”, Fischer et al 2023
- “Do Looks Matter for an Academic Career in Economics?”, Hale et al 2023
- “Expert Opinions and Negative Externalities Do Not Decrease Support for Anti-Price Gouging Policies”, Klofstad & Uscinski 2023
- “60 Years Later: A Replication Study of McGuire’s First Inoculation Experiment”, Fransen et al 2023
- “Despite Popular Intuition, Positive World Beliefs Poorly Reflect Several Objective Indicators of Privilege, including Wealth, Health, Sex, and Neighborhood Safety”, Kerry et al 2023
- “Don’t Sweat It: Ambient Temperature Does Not Affect Social Behavior and Perception”, Krause et al 2023
- “Is White Always the Standard? Using Replication to Revisit and Extend What We Know about the Leadership Prototype”, Obenauer & Kalsher 2023
- “Cognitive Biases: Mistakes or Missing Stakes?”, Enke et al 2023
- “Combining Human Expertise With Artificial Intelligence: Experimental Evidence from Radiology”, Agarwal et al 2023
- “How AI Can Distort Human Beliefs”, Kidd & Birhane 2023
- “When the Punk Wishes You a Great Day, He Still Appears Friendly: Stereotypes Do Not Reliably Guide Spontaneous Trait Inferences from Behavior”, Mangels & Degner 2023
- “The Psychology of Zero-Sum Beliefs”, Davidai & Tepper 2023b
- “Humans in Humans Out: On GPT Converging Toward Common Sense in Both Success and Failure”, Koralus & Wang-Maścianica 2023
- “The Use-The-Best Heuristic Facilitates Deception Detection”, Verschuere et al 2023
- “Ramadan Fasting Increases Leniency in Judges from Pakistan and India”, Mehmood et al 2023
- “Defending Humankind: Anthropocentric Bias in the Appreciation of AI Art”, Millet et al 2023
- “Do Political Elites Have Accurate Perceptions of Social Conditions?”, Thal 2023
- “Listening to Misinformation While Driving: Cognitive Load and the Effectiveness of (Repeated) Corrections”, Sanderson et al 2023
- “The Unlikelihood Effect: When Knowing More Creates the Perception of Less”, Karmarkar & Kupor 2022
- “How Digital Media Drive Affective Polarization through Partisan Sorting”, Törnberg 2022
- “Feeling Good Is Feeling Better”, Prati & Senik 2022
- “Comment on ‘Temperature and Decisions: Evidence from 207,000 Court Cases’”, Spamann 2022
- “The Delusive Economy: How Information and Affect Color Perceptions of National Economic Performance”, Linsi et al 2022
- “Sadder ≠ Wiser: Depressive Realism Is Not Robust to Replication”, Dev et al 2022
- “Does the Dream of Home Ownership Rest Upon Biased Beliefs? A Test Based on Predicted and Realized Life Satisfaction”, Odermatt & Stutzer 2022
- “Permitting Immoral Behavior: A Generalized Compensation Belief Hypothesis”, Wang et al 2022g
- “AI Composer Bias: Listeners like Music Less When They Think It Was Composed by an AI”, Shank et al 2022
- “Superiority-Seeking and the Preference for Exclusion”, Imas & Madarasz 2022
- “Who Made the Paintings: Artists or Artificial Intelligence? The Effects of Identity on Liking and Purchase Intention”, Gu & Li 2022
- “What Determines Hindsight Bias in Written Work? One Field and Three Experimental Studies in the Context of Wikipedia”, Meuer et al 2022
- “Does Competitive Winning Increase Subsequent Cheating?”, Colman et al 2022
- “The Social Epistemology of Introspection”, Unnsteinsson 2022
- “Science Beliefs, Political Ideology, and Cognitive Sophistication”, Pennycook et al 2022
- “The Magnitude Heuristic: Larger Differences Increase Perceived Causality”, Daniels & Kupor 2022
- “Cannabis Use Does Not Increase Actual Creativity but Biases Evaluations of Creativity”, Heng et al 2022
- “A Simple Cognitive Method to Improve the Prediction of Matters of Taste by Exploiting the Within-Person Wisdom-Of-Crowd Effect”, Fujisaki et al 2022
- “The Irony of (romantic) Harmony: Heterosexual Romantic Relationships Can Drive Women’s Justification of the Gender Hierarchy”, Sobol-Sarag et al 2022
- “Language Models Show Human-Like Content Effects on Reasoning”, Dasgupta et al 2022
- “Who Sees Which Political Falsehoods As More Acceptable and Why: A New Look at In-Group Loyalty and Trustworthiness”, Galak & Critcher 2022
- “Intersectional Implicit Bias: Evidence for Asymmetrically Compounding Bias and the Predominance of Target Gender”, Connor et al 2022
- “Counteracting Electric Vehicle Range Concern With a Scalable Behavioral Intervention”, Herberz et al 2022
- “Negativity Bias, Personality and Political Ideology”, Johnston & Madson 2022
- “Would You Pass the Turing Test? Influencing Factors of the Turing Decision”, Ujhelyi et al 2022
- “Misleading Graphs in Context: Less Misleading Than Expected”, Driessen et al 2022
- “A Multi-Pronged Investigation of Option Generation Using Depression, PET and Modafinil”, Ang et al 2022
- “The Road Not Taken: Technological Uncertainty and the Evaluation of Innovations”, Tan 2022
- “Logical Intuition Is Not Really About Logic”, Ghasemi et al 2022
- “The Backfire Effect After Correcting Misinformation Is Strongly Associated With Reliability”, Swire-Thompson et al 2022
- “Eliciting False Insights With Semantic Priming”, Grimmer et al 2022
- “Correlates of ‘Coddling’: Cognitive Distortions Predict Safetyism-Inspired Beliefs, Belief That Words Can Harm, and Trigger Warning Endorsement in College Students”, Celniker et al 2022
- “Anchoring in the Past, Tweeting from the Present: Cognitive Bias in Journalists’ Word Choices”, Lee & Hamilton 2022
- “Dream Interpretation from a Cognitive and Cultural Evolutionary Perspective: The Case of Oneiromancy in Traditional China”, Hong 2022
- “Conspiracy Mentality and Political Orientation across 26 Countries”, Imhoff et al 2022
- “Are Knowledgeable Voters Better Voters?”, Hannon 2022
- “Populist Gullibility: Conspiracy Theories, News Credibility, Bullshit Receptivity, and Paranormal Belief”, Prooijen et al 2022
- “Fooled by Beautiful Data: Visualization Esthetics Bias Trust in Science, News, and Social Media”, Lin & Thornton 2022
- “The Partisan Trade-Off Bias: When Political Polarization Meets Policy Trade-Offs”, Goya-Tocchetto et al 2022
- “Physical Attractiveness Biases Judgments Pertaining to the Moral Domain of Purity”, Klebl et al 2021b
- “The CEO Beauty Premium: Founder CEO Attractiveness and Firm Valuation in Initial Coin Offerings”, Colombo et al 2021
- “Believers in Pseudoscience Present Lower Evidential Criteria”, Rodríguez-Ferreiro & Barberia 2021
- “The Science of Visual Data Communication: What Works”, Franconeri et al 2021
- “Do People Demand Fact-Checked News? Evidence from US Democrats”, Chopra et al 2021
- “Noise Increases Anchoring Effects”, Lee & Morewedge 2021
- “The Psychophysiology of Political Ideology: Replications, Reanalyses, and Recommendations”, Osmundsen et al 2021
- “The Implicit Association Test in Introductory Psychology Textbooks: Blind Spot for Controversy”, Bartels & Schoenrade 2021
- “Are Conservatives More Rigid Than Liberals? A Meta-Analytic Test of the Rigidity-Of-The-Right Hypothesis”, Costello et al 2021
- “Empirical Audit and Review and an Assessment of Evidentiary Value in Research on the Psychological Consequences of Scarcity”, O’Donnell et al 2021
- “Personal Relative Deprivation and the Belief That Economic Success Is Zero-Sum”, Ongis & Davidai 2021
- “You Don’t Need to Answer Right Away! Receivers Overestimate How Quickly Senders Expect Responses to Non-Urgent Work Emails”, Giurge & Bohns 2021
- “Beauty Goes Down to the Core: Attractiveness Biases Moral Character Attributions”, Klebl et al 2021
- “A Confirmation Bias in Perceptual Decision-Making due to Hierarchical Approximate Inference”, Lange et al 2021
- “Why Empathy Is Not a Reliable Source of Information in Moral Decision Making”, Decety 2021
- “Price Information Influences the Subjective Experience of Wine: A Framed Field Experiment”, Werner et al 2021
- “The Cultural Dynamics of Concept Creep”, Haslam et al 2021
- “Causal and Associational Linking Language From Observational Research and Health Evaluation Literature in Practice: A Systematic Language Evaluation”, Haber et al 2021
- “The Psychology of Online Political Hostility: A Comprehensive, Cross-National Test of the Mismatch Hypothesis”, Bor & Petersen 2021
- “The ‘Next’ Effect: When a Better Future Worsens the Present”, O’Brien 2021
- “Consumers Believe That Products Work Better for Others”, Polman et al 2021
- “Win-Win Denial: The Psychological Underpinnings of Zero-Sum Thinking”, Johnson et al 2021c
- “Enhanced Rationality in Autism Spectrum Disorder”, Rozenkrantz et al 2021
- “Attribution Bias in Major Decisions: Evidence from the United States Military Academy”, Haggag et al 2021
- “Beholding Inequality: Race, Gender, and Returns to Physical Attractiveness in the United States”, Monk et al 2021
- “The Psychology of (In)Effective Altruism”, Caviola et al 2021
- “Is Beauty More Than Skin Deep? Attractiveness, Power, and Nonverbal Presence in Evaluations of Hirability”, Tu et al 2021
- “Anomalies in Implicit Attitudes Research”, Machery 2021
- “Maybe Favors: How to Get More Good Deeds Done”, Zürn et al 2021
- “Truncating Bar Graphs Persistently Misleads Viewers”, Yang et al 2021d
- “Motivated Moral Judgments about Freedom of Speech Are Constrained by a Need to Maintain Consistency”, Eftedal & Thomsen 2021
- “The Mystery of Magic’s Greatest Card Trick: At 94, the Magician David Berglas Says His Renowned Effect Can’t Be Taught. Is He Telling the Truth?”, Segal 2021
- “What Is a Face Worth? Facial Attractiveness Biases Experience-Based Monetary Decision-Making”, Pandey & Zayas 2021
- “It’s Their Fault: Partisan Attribution Bias and Its Association With Voting Intentions”, Zell et al 2021
- “Man-Bites-Dog Contagion: Disproportionate Diffusion of Information about Rare Categories of Events”, Jang & Shore 2021
- “Magic, Explanations, and Evil: The Origins and Design of Witches and Sorcerers [And Replies]”, Singh et al 2021
- “Meta-Analysis on Belief in Free Will Manipulations”, Genschow et al 2021
- “How the Wisdom of Crowds, and of the Crowd Within, Are Affected by Expertise”, Fiechter & Kornell 2021
- “Expertise in Moral Reasoning? Order Effects on Moral Judgment in Professional Philosophers and Non-Philosophers”, Schwitzgebel & Cushman 2021
- “How Humans Impair Automated Deception Detection Performance”, Kleinberg & Verschuere 2021
- “What Can Experimental Studies of Bias Tell Us About Real-World Group Disparities?”, Cesario 2021
- “The Black-White Gap in Noncognitive Skills among Elementary School Children”, Elder & Zhou 2021
- “Racial Bias in the Sharing Economy and the Role of Trust and Self-Congruence”, Nødtvedt et al 2021
- “Anthropocentric Biases in Teleological Thinking: How Nature Seems Designed for Humans”, Preston & Shin 2021
- “Applying Insights from Magic to Improve Deception in Research: The Swiss Cheese Model”, Olson & Raz 2020
- “Recency Negativity: Newer Food Crops Are Evaluated Less Favorably”, Inbar et al 2020
- “The Tendency for Interpersonal Victimhood: The Personality Construct and Its Consequences”, Gabay et al 2020
- “Talking to the Dead in the Classroom: How a Supposedly Psychic Event Impacts Beliefs and Feelings”, Lesaffre et al 2020
- “Boys Lag Behind: How Teachers’ Gender Biases Affect Student Achievement”, Terrier 2020
- “Molecular Genetics, Risk Aversion, Return Perceptions, and Stock Market Participation”, Sias et al 2020 (page 2)
- “Harm Inflation: Making Sense of Concept Creep”, Haslam et al 2020
- “Laplace’s Theories of Cognitive Illusions, Heuristics and Biases”, Miller & Gelman 2020
- “Happy Lottery Winners and Lottery-Ticket Bias”, Kim & Oswald 2020
- “Heads or Tails: The Impact of a Coin Toss on Major Life Decisions and Subsequent Happiness”, Levitt 2020
- “Replicating Patterns of Prospect Theory for Decision under Risk”, Ruggeri et al 2020
- “Genetic Endowments and Wealth Inequality”, Barth et al 2020
- “Dopamine Promotes Cognitive Effort by Biasing the Benefits versus Costs of Cognitive Work”, Westbrook et al 2020
- “Hidden Failures”, Eskreis-Winkler & Fishbach 2020
- “Liberalizing Art. Evidence on the Impressionists at the End of the Paris Salon”, Etro et al 2020
- “The College Admissions Contribution to the Labor Market Beauty Premium”, On 2020
- “Implications of Ideological Bias in Social Psychology on Clinical Practice”, Silander et al 2020
- “People Judge Others to Have More Voluntary Control over Beliefs Than They Themselves Do”, Cusimano & Goodwin 2020
- “Directional Biases in Durative Inference”, Kelly & Khemlani 2020
- “Kids These Days: Why the Youth of Today Seem Lacking”, Protzko & Schooler 2019
- “Measuring ‘Schmeduling’”, Rees-Jones & Taubinsky 2019
- “Cross-National Evidence of a Negativity Bias in Psychophysiological Reactions to News”, Soroka et al 2019
- “A Meta-Analysis of Procedures to Change Implicit Measures”, Forscher et al 2019
- “Peer-Rated Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Does Familiarity Improve Rating Quality?”, Doyle et al 2019
- “Partisan Bias in Surveys”, Bullock & Lenz 2019
- “The Voluntariness of Voluntary Consent: Consent Searches and the Psychology of Compliance”, Sommers & Bohns 2019
- “Black Cat Bias: Prevalence and Predictors”, Jones & Hart 2019
- “Tra I Leoni: Revealing the Preferences Behind a Superstition”, Invernizzi et al 2019
- “Orchestrating False Beliefs about Gender Discrimination”, Pallesen 2019
- “A Systematic Study of Microdosing Psychedelics”, Polito & Stevenson 2018
- “Mesmerising Science: The Franklin Commission and the Modern Clinical Trial”, Laukaityte 2018
- “The Cynical Genius Illusion: Exploring and Debunking Lay Beliefs About Cynicism and Competence”, Stavrova & Ehlebracht 2018
- “Causal Language and Strength of Inference in Academic and Media Articles Shared in Social Media (CLAIMS): A Systematic Review”, Haber et al 2018
- “Acceptable Losses: the Debatable Origins of Loss Aversion”, Yechiam 2018
- “The Elusive Backfire Effect: Mass Attitudes’ Steadfast Factual Adherence”, Wood & Porter 2018
- “Equalitarianism: A Source of Liberal Bias”, Winegard et al 2018
- “Magic Performances—When Explained in Psychic Terms by University Students”, Lesaffre et al 2018
- “The Negative Relationship between Reasoning and Religiosity Is Underpinned by a Bias for Intuitive Responses Specifically When Intuition and Logic Are in Conflict”, Daws & Hampshire 2017
- “Different Worlds”, Alexander 2017
- “Requiem for a Shuffle: Why Steve Jobs Told Me He Loved the Littlest IPod—And Why We’re Going to Miss It”, Levy 2017
- “Does Diversity Pay? A Replication of Herring 2009”, Stojmenovska et al 2017
- “Impossibly Hungry Judges”, Lakens 2017
- “How Gullible Are We? A Review of the Evidence from Psychology and Social Science”, Mercier 2017
- “Biases in the Production and Reception of Collective Knowledge: the Case of Hindsight Bias in Wikipedia”, Oeberst et al 2017
- “Potterian Economics”, Levy & Snir 2017
- “Rational Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Observed Betting Patterns on a Biased Coin”, Haghani & Dewey 2017
- “Rational Judges, Not Extraneous Factors In Decisions”, Stafford 2016
- “Overconfidence in Personnel Selection: When and Why Unstructured Interview Information Can Hurt Hiring Decisions”, Kausel et al 2016
- “Assessing Human Error Against a Benchmark of Perfection”, Anderson et al 2016
- “Ethnic Discrimination in Hiring Decisions: a Meta-Analysis of Correspondence Tests 1990–2015”, Zschirnt & Ruedin 2016
- “Chess Masters’ Hypothesis Testing in Games of Dynamic Equilibrium”, Cowley-Cunningham 2016
- “Answering Unresolved Questions About the Relationship Between Cognitive Ability and Prejudice”, Brandt & Crawford 2016
- “Stereotype Accuracy: One of the Largest and Most Replicable Effects in All of Social Psychology”, Jussim et al 2016
- “Philosophers’ Biased Judgments Persist despite Training, Expertise and Reflection”, Schwitzgebel 2015
- “MCI Theory: a Critical Discussion”, Purzycki & Willard 2015
- “Revealing Ontological Commitments by Magic”, Griffiths 2015
- “Default Tips”, Haggag & Paci 2014
- “Reflections on How Designers Design With Data”, Bigelow et al 2014
- “Belief in the Unstructured Interview: The Persistence of an Illusion”, Dana et al 2013
- “Lizardman’s Constant Is 4%”, Alexander 2013
- “Credit Suisse Global Investment Returns Yearbook 2013”, Dimson et al 2013
- “Title: Reading Fiction Improves Theory of Mind and Reduces Intergroup Bias”
- “Some Consequences of Having Too Little”, Shah et al 2012
- “Depressive Realism: A Meta-Analytic Review”, Moore & Fresco 2012
- “Learning How to ‘Make a Deal’: Human (Homo Sapiens) and Monkey (Macaca Mulatta) Performance When Repeatedly Faced With the Monty Hall Dilemma”, Klein et al 2012
- “IQ, Trading Behavior, and Performance”, Grinblatt et al 2012
- “How Near-Miss Events Amplify or Attenuate Risky Decision Making”, Tinsley et al 2012
- “Good Looks, Good Grades? An Empirical Analysis of the Influence of Students’ Physical Attractiveness on Grading by Teachers”, Dunkake et al 2012
- “Can Physicians Accurately Predict Which Patients Will Lose Weight, Improve Nutrition and Increase Physical Activity?”, Pollak et al 2012
- “On the Heritability of Consumer Decision Making: An Exploratory Approach for Studying Genetic Effects on Judgment and Choice”, Simonson & Sela 2010
- “The Optimal Taxation of Height: A Case Study of Utilitarian Income Redistribution”, Mankiw & Weinzierl 2010
- “Can People Distinguish Pâté from Dog Food?”, Bohannon et al 2010
- “Are Birds Smarter Than Mathematicians? Pigeons (Columba Livia) Perform Optimally on a Version of the Monty Hall Dilemma”, Herbranson & Schroeder 2010
- “The False Enforcement of Unpopular Norms”, Willer et al 2009
- “Does Your IPod Really Play Favorites?”, Froelich et al 2009
- “Can People Distinguish Pâté From Dog Food? [Preprint]”, Bohannon et al 2009
- “If You Don’t Change the UI, Nobody Notices: I Saw a Screenshot a Few Days Ago That Made Me Think Windows 7 Beta Might Actually Be worth Checking Out.”, Atwood 2009
- “You Don’t Have to Believe Everything You Read: Background Knowledge Permits Fast and Efficient Validation of Information”, Richter et al 2009
- “Strategic Reliabilism: A Naturalistic Approach to Epistemology”, Bishop & Trout 2008
- “Asian Variability in Performance Rating Modesty and Leniency Bias”, Barron & Sackett 2008
- “How We See Ourselves and How We See Others”, Pronin 2008
- “The Optimistic Thought Experiment”, Thiel 2008
- “Does Narrative Information Bias Individual's Decision Making? A Systematic Review”
- “Do More Expensive Wines Taste Better? Evidence from a Large Sample of Blind Tastings”, Goldstein et al 2008
- “Stress That Doesn’t Pay: The Commuting Paradox”, Stutzer & Frey 2008
- “Experiments on Partisanship and Public Opinion: Party Cues, False Beliefs, and Bayesian Updating”, Bullock 2007
- “The Hidden Structure of Overimitation”, Lyons et al 2007
- “Notes on a Strange World: Houdini’s Impossible Demonstration”, Polidoro 2006
- “Seeing the Forest When Entry Is Unlikely: Probability and the Mental Representation of Events”, Wakslak et al 2006
- “Illusions of Competence in Monitoring One’s Knowledge During Study”, Koriat & Bjork 2005
- “The Development of Cynicism”, Mills & Keil 2005
- “Chess Masters’ Hypothesis Testing”, Cowley & Byrne 2004
- “Consumers’ Beliefs about Product Benefits: The Effect of Obviously Irrelevant Product Information”, Meyvis & Janiszewski 2002
- “Incorporating the Irrelevant: Anchors in Judgments of Belief and Value”, Chapman & Johnson 2002
- “Beleaguered Pygmalion: A History of the Controversy Over Claims That Teacher Expectancy Raises Intelligence”, Spitz 1999
- “The Keats Heuristic: Rhyme As Reason in Aphorism Interpretation”, McGlone & Tofighbakhsh 1999
- “Entrepreneurs’ Perceived Chances for Success”, Cooper et al 1998
- “The Tuned Deck”, Hull & Hilliard 1994
- “What Is Wrong With Our Thoughts? A Neo-Positivist Credo [Ch7, The Plato Cult and Other Philosophical Follies]”, Stove 1991
- “Unbelieving the Unbelievable: Some Problems in the Rejection of False Information”, Gilbert 1990
- “Methods for Studying Coincidences § Pg9”, Diaconis & Mosteller 1989 (page 9)
- “Informal Conceptions of Probability”
- “Reversible and Irreversible Decisions: Preference for Consonant Information As a Function of Attractiveness of Decision Alternatives”, Frey 1981
- “Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk”, Kahneman & Tversky 1979
- “The Apple Marketing Philosophy: Empathy · Focus · Impute”, Markkula 1977 (page 9)
- “On Pseudoscience in Science, Logic in Remission, and Psychiatric Diagnosis: A Critique of Rosenhan’s ‘On Being Sane in Insane Places’”, Spitzer 1975
- “Reconstruction of Automobile Destruction: An Example of the Interaction between Language and Memory”, Loftus & Palmer 1974
- “Social Psychology As History”, Gergen 1973
- “Pygmalion Reconsidered: A Case Study in Statistical Inference: Reconsideration of the Rosenthal-Jacobson Data on Teacher Expectancy”, Elashoff & Snow 1971
- “Expectancy Effects in the Classroom: A Failure to Replicate”, Claiborn 1969
- “Pygmalion In The Classroom: Teacher Expectation and Pupil’s Intellectual Development”, Rosenthal & Jacobson 1968
- “Craps and Magic”, Henslin 1967
- “The Effectiveness of Supportive and Refutational Defenses in Immunizing and Restoring Beliefs Against Persuasion”, McGuire 1961
- “Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25): Xv. the Effects Produced By Substitution of a Tap Water Placebo”, Abramson et al 1955
- “‘Superstition’ in the Pigeon”, Skinner 1948
- “The Good Tsar Bias”
- “Immune Neglect: A Source of Durability Bias in Affective Forecasting”
- “Consumer and Producer Behavior in the Market for Penny Auctions: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis”
- “The Reversal Test: Eliminating Status Quo Bias in Applied Ethics”
- “Systematically Biased Beliefs About Inequality”
- “Scientists Are Beginning to Figure Out Why Conservatives Are...Conservative: 10 Years Ago, It Was Wildly Controversial to Talk about Psychological Differences between Liberals and Conservatives. Today, It’s Becoming Hard Not To.”
- “The Law of Small Numbers in Financial Markets: Theory and Evidence”
- “Knowing Your Argumentative Limitations, OR ‘One [Rationalist’s] modus Ponens Is Another’s modus Tollens’.”
- “Why Fiction Lies”
- “An IPad for $14.95? Sunk Cost Fallacy and Why People Keep Losing Money in Penny Auctions”
- “Decision-Making Biases in Children and Early Adolescents: Exploratory Studies”
- Wikipedia
- Miscellaneous
- Bibliography
See Also
Gwern
“What Is an ‘AI Warning Shot’?”, Gwern 2024
“How Often Does Correlation=Causality?”, Gwern 2014
“Littlewood’s Law and the Global Media”, Gwern 2018
“On Seeing Through and Unseeing: The Hacker Mindset”, Gwern 2012
“Why Correlation Usually ≠ Causation”, Gwern 2014
“On Having Enough Socks”, Gwern 2017
“Are Sunk Costs Fallacies?”, Gwern 2012
“On the Existence of Powerful Natural Languages”, Gwern 2016
“Biased Information As Anti-Information”, Gwern 2012
“LW Anchoring Experiment”, Gwern 2012
Links
“Mind Your Step (by Step): Chain-Of-Thought Can Reduce Performance on Tasks Where Thinking Makes Humans Worse”, Liu et al 2024
“More to Lose: The Adverse Effect of High Performance Ranking on Employees’ Preimplementation Attitudes Toward the Integration of Powerful AI Aids”, SimanTov-Nachlieli 2024
“Seeing Faces in Things: A Model and Dataset for Pareidolia”, Hamilton et al 2024
“The Economic Way of Thinking in a Pandemic”, Tabarrok 2024
“Conversational AI Powered by Large Language Models Amplifies False Memories in Witness Interviews”, Chan et al 2024
Conversational AI Powered by Large Language Models Amplifies False Memories in Witness Interviews
“Are Older People Aware of Their Cognitive Decline? Misperception and Financial Decision-Making”, Mazzonna & Peracchi 2024
Are Older People Aware of Their Cognitive Decline? Misperception and Financial Decision-Making
“Target Happiness Attenuates Perceivers’ Moral Condemnation of Prejudiced People”, Rose et al 2024
Target Happiness Attenuates Perceivers’ Moral Condemnation of Prejudiced People
“Magic and Empiricism in Early Chinese Rainmaking: A Cultural Evolutionary Analysis”, Hong et al 2024
Magic and Empiricism in Early Chinese Rainmaking: A Cultural Evolutionary Analysis
“How Beautiful People See the World: Cooperativeness Judgments of and by Beautiful People”, Zylbersztejn et al 2024
How beautiful people see the world: Cooperativeness judgments of and by beautiful people
“Lay Economic Reasoning: An Integrative Review and Call to Action”, Bhattacharjee & Dana 2024
Lay economic reasoning: An integrative review and call to action
“A Quantitative Examination of Half-Belief in Superstition”, Caspi et al 2024
“Vet Bills Are a Rip-Off—But My Dog Is worth It: They Call the Pets "Patients", but It’s Often the Owners Who Are Most Time-Consuming”, Kelner 2023
“Economic Inequality Fosters the Belief That Success Is Zero-Sum”, Davidai 2023
Economic Inequality Fosters the Belief That Success Is Zero-Sum
“A Systematic Comparison of Syllogistic Reasoning in Humans and Language Models”, Eisape et al 2023
A Systematic Comparison of Syllogistic Reasoning in Humans and Language Models
“The Power of Social Influence: A Replication and Extension of the Asch Experiment”, Franzen & Mader 2023
The power of social influence: A replication and extension of the Asch experiment
“Drab and Distant Birds Are Studied Less Than Their Fancy-Feathered Friends”, Fischer et al 2023
Drab and distant birds are studied less than their fancy-feathered friends
“Do Looks Matter for an Academic Career in Economics?”, Hale et al 2023
“Expert Opinions and Negative Externalities Do Not Decrease Support for Anti-Price Gouging Policies”, Klofstad & Uscinski 2023
Expert opinions and negative externalities do not decrease support for anti-price gouging policies
“60 Years Later: A Replication Study of McGuire’s First Inoculation Experiment”, Fransen et al 2023
60 Years Later: A Replication Study of McGuire’s First Inoculation Experiment
“Despite Popular Intuition, Positive World Beliefs Poorly Reflect Several Objective Indicators of Privilege, including Wealth, Health, Sex, and Neighborhood Safety”, Kerry et al 2023
“Don’t Sweat It: Ambient Temperature Does Not Affect Social Behavior and Perception”, Krause et al 2023
Don’t Sweat it: Ambient temperature does not affect social behavior and perception
“Is White Always the Standard? Using Replication to Revisit and Extend What We Know about the Leadership Prototype”, Obenauer & Kalsher 2023
“Cognitive Biases: Mistakes or Missing Stakes?”, Enke et al 2023
“Combining Human Expertise With Artificial Intelligence: Experimental Evidence from Radiology”, Agarwal et al 2023
Combining Human Expertise with Artificial Intelligence: Experimental Evidence from Radiology
“How AI Can Distort Human Beliefs”, Kidd & Birhane 2023
“When the Punk Wishes You a Great Day, He Still Appears Friendly: Stereotypes Do Not Reliably Guide Spontaneous Trait Inferences from Behavior”, Mangels & Degner 2023
“The Psychology of Zero-Sum Beliefs”, Davidai & Tepper 2023b
“Humans in Humans Out: On GPT Converging Toward Common Sense in Both Success and Failure”, Koralus & Wang-Maścianica 2023
Humans in Humans Out: On GPT Converging Toward Common Sense in both Success and Failure
“The Use-The-Best Heuristic Facilitates Deception Detection”, Verschuere et al 2023
The use-the-best heuristic facilitates deception detection:
“Ramadan Fasting Increases Leniency in Judges from Pakistan and India”, Mehmood et al 2023
Ramadan fasting increases leniency in judges from Pakistan and India
“Defending Humankind: Anthropocentric Bias in the Appreciation of AI Art”, Millet et al 2023
Defending humankind: Anthropocentric bias in the appreciation of AI art
“Do Political Elites Have Accurate Perceptions of Social Conditions?”, Thal 2023
Do Political Elites Have Accurate Perceptions of Social Conditions?
“Listening to Misinformation While Driving: Cognitive Load and the Effectiveness of (Repeated) Corrections”, Sanderson et al 2023
“The Unlikelihood Effect: When Knowing More Creates the Perception of Less”, Karmarkar & Kupor 2022
The unlikelihood effect: When knowing more creates the perception of less
“How Digital Media Drive Affective Polarization through Partisan Sorting”, Törnberg 2022
How digital media drive affective polarization through partisan sorting
“Feeling Good Is Feeling Better”, Prati & Senik 2022
“Comment on ‘Temperature and Decisions: Evidence from 207,000 Court Cases’”, Spamann 2022
Comment on ‘Temperature and Decisions: Evidence from 207,000 Court Cases’
“The Delusive Economy: How Information and Affect Color Perceptions of National Economic Performance”, Linsi et al 2022
The delusive economy: how information and affect color perceptions of national economic performance
“Sadder ≠ Wiser: Depressive Realism Is Not Robust to Replication”, Dev et al 2022
Sadder ≠ Wiser: Depressive Realism is not Robust to Replication
“Does the Dream of Home Ownership Rest Upon Biased Beliefs? A Test Based on Predicted and Realized Life Satisfaction”, Odermatt & Stutzer 2022
“Permitting Immoral Behavior: A Generalized Compensation Belief Hypothesis”, Wang et al 2022g
Permitting Immoral Behavior: A Generalized Compensation Belief Hypothesis
“AI Composer Bias: Listeners like Music Less When They Think It Was Composed by an AI”, Shank et al 2022
AI composer bias: Listeners like music less when they think it was composed by an AI
“Superiority-Seeking and the Preference for Exclusion”, Imas & Madarasz 2022
“Who Made the Paintings: Artists or Artificial Intelligence? The Effects of Identity on Liking and Purchase Intention”, Gu & Li 2022
“What Determines Hindsight Bias in Written Work? One Field and Three Experimental Studies in the Context of Wikipedia”, Meuer et al 2022
“Does Competitive Winning Increase Subsequent Cheating?”, Colman et al 2022
“The Social Epistemology of Introspection”, Unnsteinsson 2022
“Science Beliefs, Political Ideology, and Cognitive Sophistication”, Pennycook et al 2022
Science beliefs, political ideology, and cognitive sophistication
“The Magnitude Heuristic: Larger Differences Increase Perceived Causality”, Daniels & Kupor 2022
The Magnitude Heuristic: Larger Differences Increase Perceived Causality
“Cannabis Use Does Not Increase Actual Creativity but Biases Evaluations of Creativity”, Heng et al 2022
Cannabis use does not increase actual creativity but biases evaluations of creativity
“A Simple Cognitive Method to Improve the Prediction of Matters of Taste by Exploiting the Within-Person Wisdom-Of-Crowd Effect”, Fujisaki et al 2022
“The Irony of (romantic) Harmony: Heterosexual Romantic Relationships Can Drive Women’s Justification of the Gender Hierarchy”, Sobol-Sarag et al 2022
“Language Models Show Human-Like Content Effects on Reasoning”, Dasgupta et al 2022
Language models show human-like content effects on reasoning
“Who Sees Which Political Falsehoods As More Acceptable and Why: A New Look at In-Group Loyalty and Trustworthiness”, Galak & Critcher 2022
“Intersectional Implicit Bias: Evidence for Asymmetrically Compounding Bias and the Predominance of Target Gender”, Connor et al 2022
“Counteracting Electric Vehicle Range Concern With a Scalable Behavioral Intervention”, Herberz et al 2022
Counteracting electric vehicle range concern with a scalable behavioral intervention
“Negativity Bias, Personality and Political Ideology”, Johnston & Madson 2022
“Would You Pass the Turing Test? Influencing Factors of the Turing Decision”, Ujhelyi et al 2022
Would You Pass the Turing Test? Influencing Factors of the Turing Decision
“Misleading Graphs in Context: Less Misleading Than Expected”, Driessen et al 2022
“A Multi-Pronged Investigation of Option Generation Using Depression, PET and Modafinil”, Ang et al 2022
A multi-pronged investigation of option generation using depression, PET and modafinil
“The Road Not Taken: Technological Uncertainty and the Evaluation of Innovations”, Tan 2022
The Road Not Taken: Technological Uncertainty and the Evaluation of Innovations
“Logical Intuition Is Not Really About Logic”, Ghasemi et al 2022
“The Backfire Effect After Correcting Misinformation Is Strongly Associated With Reliability”, Swire-Thompson et al 2022
The backfire effect after correcting misinformation is strongly associated with reliability
“Eliciting False Insights With Semantic Priming”, Grimmer et al 2022
“Correlates of ‘Coddling’: Cognitive Distortions Predict Safetyism-Inspired Beliefs, Belief That Words Can Harm, and Trigger Warning Endorsement in College Students”, Celniker et al 2022
“Anchoring in the Past, Tweeting from the Present: Cognitive Bias in Journalists’ Word Choices”, Lee & Hamilton 2022
Anchoring in the past, tweeting from the present: Cognitive bias in journalists’ word choices
“Dream Interpretation from a Cognitive and Cultural Evolutionary Perspective: The Case of Oneiromancy in Traditional China”, Hong 2022
“Conspiracy Mentality and Political Orientation across 26 Countries”, Imhoff et al 2022
Conspiracy mentality and political orientation across 26 countries
“Are Knowledgeable Voters Better Voters?”, Hannon 2022
“Populist Gullibility: Conspiracy Theories, News Credibility, Bullshit Receptivity, and Paranormal Belief”, Prooijen et al 2022
“Fooled by Beautiful Data: Visualization Esthetics Bias Trust in Science, News, and Social Media”, Lin & Thornton 2022
Fooled by beautiful data: Visualization esthetics bias trust in science, news, and social media
“The Partisan Trade-Off Bias: When Political Polarization Meets Policy Trade-Offs”, Goya-Tocchetto et al 2022
The partisan trade-off bias: When political polarization meets policy trade-offs
“Physical Attractiveness Biases Judgments Pertaining to the Moral Domain of Purity”, Klebl et al 2021b
Physical Attractiveness Biases Judgments Pertaining to the Moral Domain of Purity
“The CEO Beauty Premium: Founder CEO Attractiveness and Firm Valuation in Initial Coin Offerings”, Colombo et al 2021
The CEO beauty premium: Founder CEO attractiveness and firm valuation in initial coin offerings
“Believers in Pseudoscience Present Lower Evidential Criteria”, Rodríguez-Ferreiro & Barberia 2021
Believers in pseudoscience present lower evidential criteria
“The Science of Visual Data Communication: What Works”, Franconeri et al 2021
“Do People Demand Fact-Checked News? Evidence from US Democrats”, Chopra et al 2021
Do people demand fact-checked news? Evidence from US Democrats
“Noise Increases Anchoring Effects”, Lee & Morewedge 2021
“The Psychophysiology of Political Ideology: Replications, Reanalyses, and Recommendations”, Osmundsen et al 2021
The Psychophysiology of Political Ideology: Replications, Reanalyses, and Recommendations
“The Implicit Association Test in Introductory Psychology Textbooks: Blind Spot for Controversy”, Bartels & Schoenrade 2021
The Implicit Association Test in Introductory Psychology Textbooks: Blind Spot for Controversy
“Are Conservatives More Rigid Than Liberals? A Meta-Analytic Test of the Rigidity-Of-The-Right Hypothesis”, Costello et al 2021
“Empirical Audit and Review and an Assessment of Evidentiary Value in Research on the Psychological Consequences of Scarcity”, O’Donnell et al 2021
“Personal Relative Deprivation and the Belief That Economic Success Is Zero-Sum”, Ongis & Davidai 2021
Personal relative deprivation and the belief that economic success is zero-sum
“You Don’t Need to Answer Right Away! Receivers Overestimate How Quickly Senders Expect Responses to Non-Urgent Work Emails”, Giurge & Bohns 2021
“Beauty Goes Down to the Core: Attractiveness Biases Moral Character Attributions”, Klebl et al 2021
Beauty Goes Down to the Core: Attractiveness Biases Moral Character Attributions
“A Confirmation Bias in Perceptual Decision-Making due to Hierarchical Approximate Inference”, Lange et al 2021
A confirmation bias in perceptual decision-making due to hierarchical approximate inference
“Why Empathy Is Not a Reliable Source of Information in Moral Decision Making”, Decety 2021
Why Empathy Is Not a Reliable Source of Information in Moral Decision Making
“Price Information Influences the Subjective Experience of Wine: A Framed Field Experiment”, Werner et al 2021
Price information influences the subjective experience of wine: A framed field experiment
“The Cultural Dynamics of Concept Creep”, Haslam et al 2021
“Causal and Associational Linking Language From Observational Research and Health Evaluation Literature in Practice: A Systematic Language Evaluation”, Haber et al 2021
“The Psychology of Online Political Hostility: A Comprehensive, Cross-National Test of the Mismatch Hypothesis”, Bor & Petersen 2021
“The ‘Next’ Effect: When a Better Future Worsens the Present”, O’Brien 2021
“Consumers Believe That Products Work Better for Others”, Polman et al 2021
“Win-Win Denial: The Psychological Underpinnings of Zero-Sum Thinking”, Johnson et al 2021c
Win-win denial: The psychological underpinnings of zero-sum thinking
“Enhanced Rationality in Autism Spectrum Disorder”, Rozenkrantz et al 2021
“Attribution Bias in Major Decisions: Evidence from the United States Military Academy”, Haggag et al 2021
Attribution bias in major decisions: Evidence from the United States Military Academy
“Beholding Inequality: Race, Gender, and Returns to Physical Attractiveness in the United States”, Monk et al 2021
Beholding Inequality: Race, Gender, and Returns to Physical Attractiveness in the United States
“The Psychology of (In)Effective Altruism”, Caviola et al 2021
“Is Beauty More Than Skin Deep? Attractiveness, Power, and Nonverbal Presence in Evaluations of Hirability”, Tu et al 2021
“Anomalies in Implicit Attitudes Research”, Machery 2021
“Maybe Favors: How to Get More Good Deeds Done”, Zürn et al 2021
“Truncating Bar Graphs Persistently Misleads Viewers”, Yang et al 2021d
“Motivated Moral Judgments about Freedom of Speech Are Constrained by a Need to Maintain Consistency”, Eftedal & Thomsen 2021
Motivated moral judgments about freedom of speech are constrained by a need to maintain consistency
“The Mystery of Magic’s Greatest Card Trick: At 94, the Magician David Berglas Says His Renowned Effect Can’t Be Taught. Is He Telling the Truth?”, Segal 2021
“What Is a Face Worth? Facial Attractiveness Biases Experience-Based Monetary Decision-Making”, Pandey & Zayas 2021
What is a face worth? Facial attractiveness biases experience-based monetary decision-making
“It’s Their Fault: Partisan Attribution Bias and Its Association With Voting Intentions”, Zell et al 2021
It’s their fault: Partisan attribution bias and its association with voting intentions
“Man-Bites-Dog Contagion: Disproportionate Diffusion of Information about Rare Categories of Events”, Jang & Shore 2021
Man-Bites-Dog Contagion: Disproportionate Diffusion of Information about Rare Categories of Events
“Magic, Explanations, and Evil: The Origins and Design of Witches and Sorcerers [And Replies]”, Singh et al 2021
Magic, Explanations, and Evil: The Origins and Design of Witches and Sorcerers [and replies]
“Meta-Analysis on Belief in Free Will Manipulations”, Genschow et al 2021
“How the Wisdom of Crowds, and of the Crowd Within, Are Affected by Expertise”, Fiechter & Kornell 2021
How the wisdom of crowds, and of the crowd within, are affected by expertise
“Expertise in Moral Reasoning? Order Effects on Moral Judgment in Professional Philosophers and Non-Philosophers”, Schwitzgebel & Cushman 2021
“How Humans Impair Automated Deception Detection Performance”, Kleinberg & Verschuere 2021
“What Can Experimental Studies of Bias Tell Us About Real-World Group Disparities?”, Cesario 2021
What Can Experimental Studies of Bias Tell Us About Real-World Group Disparities?
“The Black-White Gap in Noncognitive Skills among Elementary School Children”, Elder & Zhou 2021
The Black-White Gap in Noncognitive Skills among Elementary School Children
“Racial Bias in the Sharing Economy and the Role of Trust and Self-Congruence”, Nødtvedt et al 2021
Racial Bias in the Sharing Economy and the Role of Trust and Self-Congruence
“Anthropocentric Biases in Teleological Thinking: How Nature Seems Designed for Humans”, Preston & Shin 2021
Anthropocentric biases in teleological thinking: How nature seems designed for humans
“Applying Insights from Magic to Improve Deception in Research: The Swiss Cheese Model”, Olson & Raz 2020
Applying insights from magic to improve deception in research: The Swiss cheese model
“Recency Negativity: Newer Food Crops Are Evaluated Less Favorably”, Inbar et al 2020
Recency negativity: Newer food crops are evaluated less favorably
“The Tendency for Interpersonal Victimhood: The Personality Construct and Its Consequences”, Gabay et al 2020
The tendency for interpersonal victimhood: The personality construct and its consequences
“Talking to the Dead in the Classroom: How a Supposedly Psychic Event Impacts Beliefs and Feelings”, Lesaffre et al 2020
Talking to the Dead in the Classroom: How a Supposedly Psychic Event Impacts Beliefs and Feelings
“Boys Lag Behind: How Teachers’ Gender Biases Affect Student Achievement”, Terrier 2020
Boys lag behind: How teachers’ gender biases affect student achievement
“Molecular Genetics, Risk Aversion, Return Perceptions, and Stock Market Participation”, Sias et al 2020 (page 2)
Molecular Genetics, Risk Aversion, Return Perceptions, and Stock Market Participation
“Harm Inflation: Making Sense of Concept Creep”, Haslam et al 2020
“Laplace’s Theories of Cognitive Illusions, Heuristics and Biases”, Miller & Gelman 2020
Laplace’s Theories of Cognitive Illusions, Heuristics and Biases
“Happy Lottery Winners and Lottery-Ticket Bias”, Kim & Oswald 2020
“Heads or Tails: The Impact of a Coin Toss on Major Life Decisions and Subsequent Happiness”, Levitt 2020
Heads or Tails: The Impact of a Coin Toss on Major Life Decisions and Subsequent Happiness
“Replicating Patterns of Prospect Theory for Decision under Risk”, Ruggeri et al 2020
Replicating patterns of prospect theory for decision under risk:
“Genetic Endowments and Wealth Inequality”, Barth et al 2020
“Dopamine Promotes Cognitive Effort by Biasing the Benefits versus Costs of Cognitive Work”, Westbrook et al 2020
Dopamine promotes cognitive effort by biasing the benefits versus costs of cognitive work
“Hidden Failures”, Eskreis-Winkler & Fishbach 2020
“Liberalizing Art. Evidence on the Impressionists at the End of the Paris Salon”, Etro et al 2020
Liberalizing art. Evidence on the Impressionists at the end of the Paris Salon
“The College Admissions Contribution to the Labor Market Beauty Premium”, On 2020
The College Admissions Contribution to the Labor Market Beauty Premium
“Implications of Ideological Bias in Social Psychology on Clinical Practice”, Silander et al 2020
Implications of ideological bias in social psychology on clinical practice
“People Judge Others to Have More Voluntary Control over Beliefs Than They Themselves Do”, Cusimano & Goodwin 2020
People judge others to have more voluntary control over beliefs than they themselves do
“Directional Biases in Durative Inference”, Kelly & Khemlani 2020
“Kids These Days: Why the Youth of Today Seem Lacking”, Protzko & Schooler 2019
“Measuring ‘Schmeduling’”, Rees-Jones & Taubinsky 2019
“Cross-National Evidence of a Negativity Bias in Psychophysiological Reactions to News”, Soroka et al 2019
Cross-national evidence of a negativity bias in psychophysiological reactions to news
“A Meta-Analysis of Procedures to Change Implicit Measures”, Forscher et al 2019
“Peer-Rated Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Does Familiarity Improve Rating Quality?”, Doyle et al 2019
Peer-rated organizational citizenship behavior: Does familiarity improve rating quality?
“Partisan Bias in Surveys”, Bullock & Lenz 2019
“The Voluntariness of Voluntary Consent: Consent Searches and the Psychology of Compliance”, Sommers & Bohns 2019
The Voluntariness of Voluntary Consent: Consent Searches and the Psychology of Compliance
“Black Cat Bias: Prevalence and Predictors”, Jones & Hart 2019
“Tra I Leoni: Revealing the Preferences Behind a Superstition”, Invernizzi et al 2019
Tra i Leoni: Revealing the Preferences Behind a Superstition
“Orchestrating False Beliefs about Gender Discrimination”, Pallesen 2019
“A Systematic Study of Microdosing Psychedelics”, Polito & Stevenson 2018
“Mesmerising Science: The Franklin Commission and the Modern Clinical Trial”, Laukaityte 2018
Mesmerising Science: The Franklin Commission and the Modern Clinical Trial
“The Cynical Genius Illusion: Exploring and Debunking Lay Beliefs About Cynicism and Competence”, Stavrova & Ehlebracht 2018
The Cynical Genius Illusion: Exploring and Debunking Lay Beliefs About Cynicism and Competence
“Causal Language and Strength of Inference in Academic and Media Articles Shared in Social Media (CLAIMS): A Systematic Review”, Haber et al 2018
“Acceptable Losses: the Debatable Origins of Loss Aversion”, Yechiam 2018
“The Elusive Backfire Effect: Mass Attitudes’ Steadfast Factual Adherence”, Wood & Porter 2018
The Elusive Backfire Effect: Mass Attitudes’ Steadfast Factual Adherence:
“Equalitarianism: A Source of Liberal Bias”, Winegard et al 2018
Equalitarianism: A Source of Liberal Bias:
View PDF:
“Magic Performances—When Explained in Psychic Terms by University Students”, Lesaffre et al 2018
Magic Performances—When Explained in Psychic Terms by University Students
“The Negative Relationship between Reasoning and Religiosity Is Underpinned by a Bias for Intuitive Responses Specifically When Intuition and Logic Are in Conflict”, Daws & Hampshire 2017
“Different Worlds”, Alexander 2017
“Requiem for a Shuffle: Why Steve Jobs Told Me He Loved the Littlest IPod—And Why We’re Going to Miss It”, Levy 2017
“Does Diversity Pay? A Replication of Herring 2009”, Stojmenovska et al 2017
“Impossibly Hungry Judges”, Lakens 2017
“How Gullible Are We? A Review of the Evidence from Psychology and Social Science”, Mercier 2017
How Gullible are We? A Review of the Evidence from Psychology and Social Science
“Biases in the Production and Reception of Collective Knowledge: the Case of Hindsight Bias in Wikipedia”, Oeberst et al 2017
“Potterian Economics”, Levy & Snir 2017
“Rational Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Observed Betting Patterns on a Biased Coin”, Haghani & Dewey 2017
Rational Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Observed Betting Patterns on a Biased Coin
“Rational Judges, Not Extraneous Factors In Decisions”, Stafford 2016
“Overconfidence in Personnel Selection: When and Why Unstructured Interview Information Can Hurt Hiring Decisions”, Kausel et al 2016
“Assessing Human Error Against a Benchmark of Perfection”, Anderson et al 2016
“Ethnic Discrimination in Hiring Decisions: a Meta-Analysis of Correspondence Tests 1990–2015”, Zschirnt & Ruedin 2016
Ethnic discrimination in hiring decisions: a meta-analysis of correspondence tests 1990–2015
“Chess Masters’ Hypothesis Testing in Games of Dynamic Equilibrium”, Cowley-Cunningham 2016
Chess Masters’ Hypothesis Testing in Games of Dynamic Equilibrium
“Answering Unresolved Questions About the Relationship Between Cognitive Ability and Prejudice”, Brandt & Crawford 2016
Answering Unresolved Questions About the Relationship Between Cognitive Ability and Prejudice
“Stereotype Accuracy: One of the Largest and Most Replicable Effects in All of Social Psychology”, Jussim et al 2016
Stereotype accuracy: One of the largest and most replicable effects in all of social psychology
“Philosophers’ Biased Judgments Persist despite Training, Expertise and Reflection”, Schwitzgebel 2015
Philosophers’ biased judgments persist despite training, expertise and reflection
“MCI Theory: a Critical Discussion”, Purzycki & Willard 2015
“Revealing Ontological Commitments by Magic”, Griffiths 2015
“Default Tips”, Haggag & Paci 2014
“Reflections on How Designers Design With Data”, Bigelow et al 2014
“Belief in the Unstructured Interview: The Persistence of an Illusion”, Dana et al 2013
Belief in the unstructured interview: The persistence of an illusion
“Lizardman’s Constant Is 4%”, Alexander 2013
“Credit Suisse Global Investment Returns Yearbook 2013”, Dimson et al 2013
“Title: Reading Fiction Improves Theory of Mind and Reduces Intergroup Bias”
Title: Reading Fiction Improves Theory of Mind and Reduces Intergroup Bias
“Some Consequences of Having Too Little”, Shah et al 2012
“Depressive Realism: A Meta-Analytic Review”, Moore & Fresco 2012
“Learning How to ‘Make a Deal’: Human (Homo Sapiens) and Monkey (Macaca Mulatta) Performance When Repeatedly Faced With the Monty Hall Dilemma”, Klein et al 2012
“IQ, Trading Behavior, and Performance”, Grinblatt et al 2012
“How Near-Miss Events Amplify or Attenuate Risky Decision Making”, Tinsley et al 2012
How Near-Miss Events Amplify or Attenuate Risky Decision Making
“Good Looks, Good Grades? An Empirical Analysis of the Influence of Students’ Physical Attractiveness on Grading by Teachers”, Dunkake et al 2012
“Can Physicians Accurately Predict Which Patients Will Lose Weight, Improve Nutrition and Increase Physical Activity?”, Pollak et al 2012
“On the Heritability of Consumer Decision Making: An Exploratory Approach for Studying Genetic Effects on Judgment and Choice”, Simonson & Sela 2010
“The Optimal Taxation of Height: A Case Study of Utilitarian Income Redistribution”, Mankiw & Weinzierl 2010
The Optimal Taxation of Height: A Case Study of Utilitarian Income Redistribution
“Can People Distinguish Pâté from Dog Food?”, Bohannon et al 2010
“Are Birds Smarter Than Mathematicians? Pigeons (Columba Livia) Perform Optimally on a Version of the Monty Hall Dilemma”, Herbranson & Schroeder 2010
“The False Enforcement of Unpopular Norms”, Willer et al 2009
“Does Your IPod Really Play Favorites?”, Froelich et al 2009
“Can People Distinguish Pâté From Dog Food? [Preprint]”, Bohannon et al 2009
“If You Don’t Change the UI, Nobody Notices: I Saw a Screenshot a Few Days Ago That Made Me Think Windows 7 Beta Might Actually Be worth Checking Out.”, Atwood 2009
“You Don’t Have to Believe Everything You Read: Background Knowledge Permits Fast and Efficient Validation of Information”, Richter et al 2009
“Strategic Reliabilism: A Naturalistic Approach to Epistemology”, Bishop & Trout 2008
Strategic Reliabilism: A Naturalistic Approach to Epistemology
“Asian Variability in Performance Rating Modesty and Leniency Bias”, Barron & Sackett 2008
Asian Variability in Performance Rating Modesty and Leniency Bias
“How We See Ourselves and How We See Others”, Pronin 2008
“The Optimistic Thought Experiment”, Thiel 2008
“Does Narrative Information Bias Individual's Decision Making? A Systematic Review”
Does narrative information bias individual's decision making? A systematic review
“Do More Expensive Wines Taste Better? Evidence from a Large Sample of Blind Tastings”, Goldstein et al 2008
Do More Expensive Wines Taste Better? Evidence from a Large Sample of Blind Tastings
“Stress That Doesn’t Pay: The Commuting Paradox”, Stutzer & Frey 2008
“Experiments on Partisanship and Public Opinion: Party Cues, False Beliefs, and Bayesian Updating”, Bullock 2007
Experiments on partisanship and public opinion: Party cues, false beliefs, and Bayesian updating
“The Hidden Structure of Overimitation”, Lyons et al 2007
“Notes on a Strange World: Houdini’s Impossible Demonstration”, Polidoro 2006
Notes on a Strange World: Houdini’s Impossible Demonstration
“Seeing the Forest When Entry Is Unlikely: Probability and the Mental Representation of Events”, Wakslak et al 2006
Seeing the forest when entry is unlikely: Probability and the mental representation of events
“Illusions of Competence in Monitoring One’s Knowledge During Study”, Koriat & Bjork 2005
Illusions of Competence in Monitoring One’s Knowledge During Study
“The Development of Cynicism”, Mills & Keil 2005
“Chess Masters’ Hypothesis Testing”, Cowley & Byrne 2004
“Consumers’ Beliefs about Product Benefits: The Effect of Obviously Irrelevant Product Information”, Meyvis & Janiszewski 2002
Consumers’ Beliefs about Product Benefits: The Effect of Obviously Irrelevant Product Information
“Incorporating the Irrelevant: Anchors in Judgments of Belief and Value”, Chapman & Johnson 2002
Incorporating the irrelevant: Anchors in judgments of belief and value
“Beleaguered Pygmalion: A History of the Controversy Over Claims That Teacher Expectancy Raises Intelligence”, Spitz 1999
“The Keats Heuristic: Rhyme As Reason in Aphorism Interpretation”, McGlone & Tofighbakhsh 1999
The Keats heuristic: Rhyme as reason in aphorism interpretation
“Entrepreneurs’ Perceived Chances for Success”, Cooper et al 1998
“The Tuned Deck”, Hull & Hilliard 1994
“What Is Wrong With Our Thoughts? A Neo-Positivist Credo [Ch7, The Plato Cult and Other Philosophical Follies]”, Stove 1991
“Unbelieving the Unbelievable: Some Problems in the Rejection of False Information”, Gilbert 1990
Unbelieving the Unbelievable: Some Problems in the Rejection of False Information:
“Methods for Studying Coincidences § Pg9”, Diaconis & Mosteller 1989 (page 9)
“Informal Conceptions of Probability”
“Reversible and Irreversible Decisions: Preference for Consonant Information As a Function of Attractiveness of Decision Alternatives”, Frey 1981
View PDF:
“Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk”, Kahneman & Tversky 1979
“The Apple Marketing Philosophy: Empathy · Focus · Impute”, Markkula 1977 (page 9)
“On Pseudoscience in Science, Logic in Remission, and Psychiatric Diagnosis: A Critique of Rosenhan’s ‘On Being Sane in Insane Places’”, Spitzer 1975
“Reconstruction of Automobile Destruction: An Example of the Interaction between Language and Memory”, Loftus & Palmer 1974
Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory
“Social Psychology As History”, Gergen 1973
“Pygmalion Reconsidered: A Case Study in Statistical Inference: Reconsideration of the Rosenthal-Jacobson Data on Teacher Expectancy”, Elashoff & Snow 1971
“Expectancy Effects in the Classroom: A Failure to Replicate”, Claiborn 1969
“Pygmalion In The Classroom: Teacher Expectation and Pupil’s Intellectual Development”, Rosenthal & Jacobson 1968
Pygmalion In The Classroom: Teacher Expectation and Pupil’s Intellectual Development
“Craps and Magic”, Henslin 1967
“The Effectiveness of Supportive and Refutational Defenses in Immunizing and Restoring Beliefs Against Persuasion”, McGuire 1961
“Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25): Xv. the Effects Produced By Substitution of a Tap Water Placebo”, Abramson et al 1955
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25): Xv. the Effects Produced By Substitution of a Tap Water Placebo
“‘Superstition’ in the Pigeon”, Skinner 1948
“The Good Tsar Bias”
“Immune Neglect: A Source of Durability Bias in Affective Forecasting”
Immune Neglect: A Source of Durability Bias in Affective Forecasting:
“Consumer and Producer Behavior in the Market for Penny Auctions: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis”
“The Reversal Test: Eliminating Status Quo Bias in Applied Ethics”
The Reversal Test: Eliminating Status Quo Bias in Applied Ethics
“Systematically Biased Beliefs About Inequality”
“Scientists Are Beginning to Figure Out Why Conservatives Are...Conservative: 10 Years Ago, It Was Wildly Controversial to Talk about Psychological Differences between Liberals and Conservatives. Today, It’s Becoming Hard Not To.”
“The Law of Small Numbers in Financial Markets: Theory and Evidence”
The Law of Small Numbers in Financial Markets: Theory and Evidence:
“Knowing Your Argumentative Limitations, OR ‘One [Rationalist’s] modus Ponens Is Another’s modus Tollens’.”
“Why Fiction Lies”
“An IPad for $14.95? Sunk Cost Fallacy and Why People Keep Losing Money in Penny Auctions”
An iPad for $14.95? Sunk Cost Fallacy and Why People Keep Losing Money in Penny Auctions
“Decision-Making Biases in Children and Early Adolescents: Exploratory Studies”
Decision-making biases in children and early adolescents: Exploratory studies:
Wikipedia
Miscellaneous
-
/doc/psychology/cognitive-bias/2021-yang-figure3-truncationexaggeration.jpg: -
/doc/psychology/cognitive-bias/2021-yang-figure4-truncationexaggerationdespitewarning.jpg: -
/doc/psychology/cognitive-bias/2021-yang-figure5-truncationexaggerationdespitewarningafter1day.png: -
/doc/psychology/cognitive-bias/2021-yang-figure6-truncationexaggerationinphdstudents.jpg: -
/doc/psychology/cognitive-bias/2018-jones-table5-nyt-randomizedvscorrelation.png: -
/doc/psychology/cognitive-bias/2009-02-20-bohannon-gourmetfoodservedbydogs.html: -
http://aitimes.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/JudgementUncertainty.pdf: -
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.300.2572&rep=rep1&type=pdf: -
View External Link:
-
https://replicationindex.com/2020/12/30/a-meta-scientific-perspective-on-thinking-fast-and-slow/: -
https://www.cia.gov/static/71c21ae09593778d873a08757e736e78/Bitter-Memories.pdf: -
https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/113975/1/dp9100.pdf: -
https://www.experimental-history.com/p/youre-probably-wrong-about-how-things -
https://www.overcomingbias.com/p/we-add-near-average-farhtml -
https://www.reddit.com/r/SampleSize/comments/fr4rnl/results_i_asked_you_to_choose_any_integer_from/: -
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749597823000560 -
https://youarenotsosmart.com/2013/05/23/survivorship-bias/:
Bibliography
-
https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.21333: “Mind Your Step (by Step): Chain-Of-Thought Can Reduce Performance on Tasks Where Thinking Makes Humans Worse”, -
2024-tabarrok.pdf: “The Economic Way of Thinking in a Pandemic”, -
2024-bhattacharjee.pdf: “Lay Economic Reasoning: An Integrative Review and Call to Action”, -
2023-davidai.pdf: “Economic Inequality Fosters the Belief That Success Is Zero-Sum”, -
2023-hale.pdf: “Do Looks Matter for an Academic Career in Economics?”, -
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20531680231194805: “Expert Opinions and Negative Externalities Do Not Decrease Support for Anti-Price Gouging Policies”, -
https://www.nber.org/papers/w31422: “Combining Human Expertise With Artificial Intelligence: Experimental Evidence from Radiology”, -
2023-mangels.pdf: “When the Punk Wishes You a Great Day, He Still Appears Friendly: Stereotypes Do Not Reliably Guide Spontaneous Trait Inferences from Behavior”, -
2023-davidai-2.pdf: “The Psychology of Zero-Sum Beliefs”, -
https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2207159119: “How Digital Media Drive Affective Polarization through Partisan Sorting”, -
2022-spamann.pdf: “Comment on ‘Temperature and Decisions: Evidence from 207,000 Court Cases’”, -
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41269-022-00258-3: “The Delusive Economy: How Information and Affect Color Perceptions of National Economic Performance”, -
2022-wang-7.pdf: “Permitting Immoral Behavior: A Generalized Compensation Belief Hypothesis”, -
2022-shank.pdf: “AI Composer Bias: Listeners like Music Less When They Think It Was Composed by an AI”, -
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.941163/full: “Who Made the Paintings: Artists or Artificial Intelligence? The Effects of Identity on Liking and Purchase Intention”, -
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mila.12438: “The Social Epistemology of Introspection”, -
2022-pennycook.pdf: “Science Beliefs, Political Ideology, and Cognitive Sophistication”, -
2022-heng.pdf: “Cannabis Use Does Not Increase Actual Creativity but Biases Evaluations of Creativity”, -
2022-galak.pdf: “Who Sees Which Political Falsehoods As More Acceptable and Why: A New Look at In-Group Loyalty and Trustworthiness”, -
2023-connor.pdf: “Intersectional Implicit Bias: Evidence for Asymmetrically Compounding Bias and the Predominance of Target Gender”, -
2022-johnston.pdf: “Negativity Bias, Personality and Political Ideology”, -
2022-ujhelyi.pdf: “Would You Pass the Turing Test? Influencing Factors of the Turing Decision”, -
2022-ang.pdf: “A Multi-Pronged Investigation of Option Generation Using Depression, PET and Modafinil”, -
2022-ghasemi.pdf: “Logical Intuition Is Not Really About Logic”, -
2022-swirethompson.pdf: “The Backfire Effect After Correcting Misinformation Is Strongly Associated With Reliability”, -
https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13423-021-02049-x: “Eliciting False Insights With Semantic Priming”, -
2022-hong.pdf: “Dream Interpretation from a Cognitive and Cultural Evolutionary Perspective: The Case of Oneiromancy in Traditional China”, -
2022-imhoff.pdf: “Conspiracy Mentality and Political Orientation across 26 Countries”, -
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pops.12802: “Populist Gullibility: Conspiracy Theories, News Credibility, Bullshit Receptivity, and Paranormal Belief”, -
https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/dnr9s/: “Fooled by Beautiful Data: Visualization Esthetics Bias Trust in Science, News, and Social Media”, -
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/sej.1417: “The CEO Beauty Premium: Founder CEO Attractiveness and Firm Valuation in Initial Coin Offerings”, -
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-03816-5: “Believers in Pseudoscience Present Lower Evidential Criteria”, -
2021-ongis.pdf: “Personal Relative Deprivation and the Belief That Economic Success Is Zero-Sum”, -
2021-giurge.pdf: “You Don’t Need to Answer Right Away! Receivers Overestimate How Quickly Senders Expect Responses to Non-Urgent Work Emails”, -
2021-haslam.pdf: “The Cultural Dynamics of Concept Creep”, -
2021-johnson-3.pdf: “Win-Win Denial: The Psychological Underpinnings of Zero-Sum Thinking”, -
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047272721000815: “Attribution Bias in Major Decisions: Evidence from the United States Military Academy”, -
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/23/style/berglas-effect-card-trick.html: “The Mystery of Magic’s Greatest Card Trick: At 94, the Magician David Berglas Says His Renowned Effect Can’t Be Taught. Is He Telling the Truth?”, -
2021-cesario.pdf: “What Can Experimental Studies of Bias Tell Us About Real-World Group Disparities?”, -
2020-olson.pdf: “Applying Insights from Magic to Improve Deception in Research: The Swiss Cheese Model”, -
2020-sias.pdf#page=2: “Molecular Genetics, Risk Aversion, Return Perceptions, and Stock Market Participation”, -
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/roiw.12469: “Happy Lottery Winners and Lottery-Ticket Bias”, -
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3521798: “The College Admissions Contribution to the Labor Market Beauty Premium”, -
2020-cusimano.pdf: “People Judge Others to Have More Voluntary Control over Beliefs Than They Themselves Do”, -
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1908369116: “Cross-National Evidence of a Negativity Bias in Psychophysiological Reactions to News”, -
https://osf.io/c5hxs/: “Tra I Leoni: Revealing the Preferences Behind a Superstition”, -
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0146167218783195: “The Cynical Genius Illusion: Exploring and Debunking Lay Beliefs About Cynicism and Competence”, -
2018-yechiam.pdf: “Acceptable Losses: the Debatable Origins of Loss Aversion”, -
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02191/full: “The Negative Relationship between Reasoning and Religiosity Is Underpinned by a Bias for Intuitive Responses Specifically When Intuition and Logic Are in Conflict”, -
https://slatestarcodex.com/2017/10/02/different-worlds/: “Different Worlds”, -
https://www.wired.com/story/requiem-for-the-ipod-shuffle/: “Requiem for a Shuffle: Why Steve Jobs Told Me He Loved the Littlest IPod—And Why We’re Going to Miss It”, -
2015-griffiths.pdf: “Revealing Ontological Commitments by Magic”, -
2012-klein.pdf: “Learning How to ‘Make a Deal’: Human (Homo Sapiens) and Monkey (Macaca Mulatta) Performance When Repeatedly Faced With the Monty Hall Dilemma”, -
2009-froelich.pdf: “Does Your IPod Really Play Favorites?”, -
2005-koriat.pdf: “Illusions of Competence in Monitoring One’s Knowledge During Study”, -
1999-mcglone.pdf: “The Keats Heuristic: Rhyme As Reason in Aphorism Interpretation”, -
1994-hull.pdf: “The Tuned Deck”, -
https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2019/03/102789075-05-01-acc.pdf#page=9: “The Apple Marketing Philosophy: Empathy · Focus · Impute”, -
1974-loftus.pdf: “Reconstruction of Automobile Destruction: An Example of the Interaction between Language and Memory”,