Supplementary material

Table A

Reference Study, IQ test, subtests, intraclass correlations for monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins and their 95% CI, g loadings, heritability estimates reported by author(s), estimated by the adjusted Falconer method, and structural equation model-fitting analysis (SEM), and correlations between g loadings and heritabilities

study

IQ test

subtest

Twin correlation

g

h2




MZ

DZ


Authorreport

Falconeradj

SEM

Takuma (1968)


maze

.80 (.69,.87)

.20 (-.34,.64)

.660

.753

.80

.80


cubic analysis

.53 (.32,.68)

.11 (-.42,.58)

.546

.466

.53

.52


geometry

.46 (.24,.63)

-.02 (-.52,.49)

.631

.472

.46

.45

Tanaka-B

replacement

.62 (.45,.76)

.24 (-.30,.67)

.757

.503

.624

.62


matching

.58 (.39,.72)

.20 (-.34,.64)

.628

.477

.580

.58


sequence

.58 (.38,.72)

-.19 (-.63,.35)

.649

.643

.575

.56


elimination

.73 (.58,.82)

-.12 (-.59,.41)

.655

.754

.725

.72

r(g x h2)1







.369

.373

r(g x h2)2







.369

.373



memory(verbal)

.68 (.56,.77)

.18 (-.22,.53)

.648

.612

.682

.68


memory (figure)

.35 (.16,.51)

.13 (-.27,.49)

.475

.251

.345

.34


spatial 1

.38 (.21,.54)

.28 (-.12,.59)

.489

.141

.202

.20

Ushijima

spatial 2

.46 (.30,.61)

-.18 (-.53,.22)

.395

.546

.463

.43


quantity

.59 (.45,.70)

.03 (-.36,.41)

.754

.582

.592

.58


antonym

.55 (.39,.67)

.00 (-.39,.38)

.775

.547

.545

.53


verb. reasoning

.68 (.56,.77)

.11 (-.29,.47)

.633

.639

.680

.68


spatial reasoning

.65 (.52,.75)

-.22 (-.55,.18)

.588

.712

.648

.65

r(g x h2)1







.587

.596

r(g x h2)2







.587

.596



cube

.62 (.50,.71)

.31 (-.04,.59)

.562

.45

.618

.61


verbal reasoning

.59 (.47,.69)

.43 (.09,.67)

.692

.284

.326

.33

Nokenshiki

odd man

.51 (.38,.63)

.50 (.18,.72)

.552

.036

.036

.04


time lapse

.33 (.17,.47)

.60 (.32,.78)

.507

-.679

0

0


analogy

.47 (.33,.59)

.47 (.14,.70)

.650

.006

.006

.01

r(g x h2)1







.150

.161

r(g x h2)2







n.a.

n.a.



intuition (figure)

.27 (.00,.50)

.23 (-.28,.63)

.41

.054

.084

.08


intuition (verbal)

.51 (.27,.68)

.21 (-.30,.62)

.49

.378

.506

.50

Todai AS

logic (figure)

.35 (.09,.57)

.34 (-.17,.70)

.40

.017

.022

.02


logic (verbal)

.36 (.10,.57)

.16 (-.34,.59)

.51

.236

.356

.35


memory

.34 (.08,.56)

.02 (-.45,.49)

.36

.327

.342

.32

r(g x h2)1







.531

.559

r(g x h2)2







n.a.

n.a.



figure recognition

.59 (.48,.69)

.55 (.27,.75)

.37

.090

.08

.08


sequence completion

.68 (.58,.76)

.12 (-.23,.45)

.57

.636

.681

.68


verbal analogy

.58 (.46,.69)

.38 (.05,.64)

.57

.325

.402

.40

Koga

figure rotation

.75 (.67,.82)

.53 (.24,.74)

.57

.469

.438

.44


replacement and addition

.72 (.63,.79)

.34 (.00,.61)

.37

.577

.721

.72


sentence completion

.49 (.36,.61)

.28 (-.07,.57)

.49

.295

.424

.42


finding shapes

.45 (.31,.57)

.38 (.05,.64)

.40

.115

.142

.14

r(g x h2)1







.359

.360

r(g x h2)2







.087

.089





antonym

.58 (.38,.72)

.38 (-.12,.72)

.815

.322

.402

.40


memory

.56 (.36,.71)

0 (-.47,.47)

.695

.56

.560

.55


finding the same figure

.48 (.26,.65)

.23 (-.28,.63)

.620

.327

.48

.48


odd-man out

.34 (.10,.55)

.27 (-.23,.66)

.700

.101

.128

.13

Kyodai NX

points to form a figure

.36 (.11,.56)

.10 (-.40,.54)

.610

.287

.335

.33


replacement

.44 (.21,.62)

.28 (-.22,.67)

.645

.219

.314

.31


word completion

.74 (.61,.84)

.28 (-.22,.67)

.700

.644

.743

.74


arithmetic

.56 (.36,.71)

.19 (-.31,.61)

.620

.457

.561

.56


matrix

.41 (.18,.60)

0 (-.47,.47)

.615

.41

.410

.39

r(g x h2)1







-.010

.012

r(g x h2)2







-.010

.012

Ando et al. (2001)


spatial storage

.50 (.36,.62)

.04 (-.17,.25)

.596

.92

.50

.47


spatial executive

.50 (.36,.62)

.22 (.01,.41)

.545

.56

.50

.50

Kyodai-NX

verbal storage

.45 (.31,.57)

.34 (.14,.51)

.579

.22

.22

.22

+ 4 subtests

verbal executive

.44 (.30,.56)

.23 (.01,.41)

.547

.42

.42

.42


spatial ability

.68 (.55,.78)

.34 (.14,.51)

.708

.68

.68

.68


verbal ability

.66 (.52,.77)

.22 (-.03,.45)

.564

.88

.66

.65

r(g x h2)1







.458

.46

r(g x h2)2







.458

.46

Toyoda et al. (2004)


maze



.660


n.a.

n.a.


cubic analysis



.546

.39

.39

.39


geometry



.631

0

0

0

Tanaka-B

replacement



.757

0

0

0


matching



.628

.02

.02

.02


sequence



.649

.19

.19

.19


elimination



.655


n.a.

n.a.

r(g x h2)1







-.708

-.708

r(g x h2)2







n.a.

n.a.

Shikishima et al. (2009)


logic(content-based)

.47 (.34,.58)

.28 (-.04,.55)

.728

.38

.38

.38


logic(abstract)

.41 (.28,.53)

.39 (.09,.63)

.748

.04

.04

.04


logic(graphical)

.59 (.48,.68)

.20 (-.12,.48)

.810

.78

.59

.59


logic(congruent)

.54 (.42,.64)

.15 (-.17,.44)

.887

.78

.54

.53


logic(incongruent)

.56 (.45,.66)

.16 (-.16,.45)

.879

.80

.56

.55

Kyodai-NX

word completion

.48 (.36,.59)

.20 (-.12,.48)

.260

.56

.48

.48

+ 5 subtests

sentence completion

.63 (.53,.71)

.58 (.32,.76)

.561

.10

.10

.10


antonym, synonym

.55 (.44,.65)

.60 (.35,.77)

.535

-.10

0

0


word rearrangement

.46 (.33,.57)

.18 (-.14,.47)

.505

.56

.46

.46


punching a folded paper

.47 (.34,.58)

.31 (.00,.57)

.377

.32

.32

.32


figure combination

.52 (.40,.62)

.18 (-.14,.47)

.401

.68

.52

.52


figures and letter plate

.53 (.41,.63)

.29 (-.03,.55)

.458

.48

.48

.48


sociogram

.39 (.25,.51)

.21 (-.11,.49)

.391

.36

.36

.36

r(g x h2)1







.113

.102

r(g x h2)2







.536

.514

Note. The g loadings of subtests of Tanaka-B, Ushijima, Nokenshiki, and Kyodai NX were estimated from correlation matrices using PAF, whereas those of Koga and Todai AS were taken from Carroll (1993), based on the narrow abilities they measured. Ando et al. and Shikishima et al. report both their subtests’ g loadings and heritabilities. Toyoda et al. report highly unusual g loadings for the subtests maze and elimination, so we used the g loadings that we also used for the Tanaka-B data from Takuma (1968). n.a. = not applicable

r(g x h2)1 = correlation between all g loadings and all heritabilities; r(g x h2)2 = correlations between g loadings and all heritabilities, excluding all values of h2 ≤ .10.The values of h2 ≤ .10 are in bold.