[[[ Second Interview ]]]

   Frank Herbert

   16 January 1977

   Port Townsend, Washington

   What follows is a verbatim transcript of a taped interview 
conducted by
   Peter Sean MacKenzie of Frank Herbert at Mr. Herbert's home. 
Ellipsis
   indicates end of sentence or "unintelligible.".

   Copyright (c) 1977, 1997 by Peter Sean MacKenzie. All rights 
reserved.

   
**********************************************************************

   (To photographer Don Anderson:)

   I have a superb 43-86 zoom that would fit that camera. I picked it 
up
   in... I shot a roll with 12 lenses, selecting number and then 
processing
   and examining the negatives.

   I haven't used it for about... where'd you get the adapter? Oh, 
yeah.
   That's the nice thing about that lens. You can virtually ignore 
bellows
   factors and use it.

   (To MacKenzie:)

   I was raised in Kitsap County (Washington). My dad was a whistle 
punk in
   the old logging days within 20 miles of here. What's a punk? They 
used to
   use donkey engines in the old steam engines and they'd have to 
keep it out
   of sight. Over a hill or down in the brush. The whistle punk stood
   someplace where he could see the donkey engine and he had a 
whistle and he
   signaled when they were ready to pull the logs. In those days, 
they just
   put him in... he'd be in the third spot. Young kids usually did 
it. I
   think he was 14 or 15 years old. It was a summer job. Twenty-five 
cents a
   day (laughs).

   I lived in the (San Francisco) Bay area for 15 years. I moved back 
up here
   seven years ago.

   In the novel "Dune," what is the Landsraad?

   Well, Landsraad is an old Scandinavian word for an assembly of 
landowners.
   It's historically accurate in that it was an assembly and the first
   meetings of the legislative body - an early one, yes. The 
Landsraad - it's
   the landed gentry.

   How do you pronounce "Atreides"?

   What the difference how you say it? Pronunciation changes. 
Language is a
   very volatile subject. Spoken language, yes. Written language, not 
as
   much. But written language also changes. But the spoken language, 
my god.
   Accent, variations on pronunciation - a very volatile thing. So 
what's the
   difference how you pronounce it? The only thing I go by is I 
pronounce a
   man's name the way he pronounces it. I figure he should know. 
(laughs)
   Atreides is Atreus - the family Atreus out of Greek mythology.

   (Editor's Note: From the American Heritage Dictionary: Atreus - a 
king of
   Mycenae [ancient city of Greece, located in the Peloponnese, a 
peninsula
   forming the southern part of Greece], father of Agamemnon.)

   (Pronunciation)... That's missing the point.

   What is your conception of "now"?

   I think the only way you can deal with a mixed-up time sense which 
our
   society has, and a mixed-up sense of how the universe works... - 
our
   society today is absolutes. They're an odd list of figures - ... 
is to
   balance.

   You're a surfboard driver. You're always hanging ten. That's the 
attitude
   you've got. The real question is how you deal with integrating a 
past with
   the now, so that you won't repeat the errors.

   (MacKenzie cites the popular concept of linear time.)

   Of course, you're thinking in linear sense. You're caught by 
linear time.
   (laughs) Time is a river... (laughs) nonsense!

   (Regarding his living room bookcase, which contains every edition 
in every
   language of every book he's published:)

   That is height of the publication collection. In other words, I 
have to
   have a copy of every book. You need it - I may get a query from 
somebody
   wanting a certain right to something I've written. I have the 
negatives
   right here.

   "Dune" and some of the other books are in Japanese, Swedish, 
Italian,
   French, German, Spanish, Dutch, Portuguese, I guess that covers 
it. It's
   not in Urdu yet. Urdu is an interesting language. Urdu is the 
language in
   the world where the first publication of softcover books have the 
largest
   first press run in the world. They think nothing, nothing at all, 
of
   running five million, 10 million copies on a first press run. The 
books
   would sell from 10 cents to 90 cents the last time I was there 
(India).

   If you're buying a dictionary, let's say. We have a four-volume
   English-Urdu, Urdu-English dictionary. I think it cost 2.50 for 
the four
   volumes. Lousy printing quality.

   (Regarding present developments on Herbert's estate:)

   We put together a development of evolution concept which looks 
like it was
   just moved here. And we're moving along with it.

   The hang-up that our society has is that our society's full of 
people who
   are light-switch conditioned. Flip the switch and there it is. And 
the
   world doesn't work that way; the universe doesn't work that way. 
Our
   universe works on the basis of seasons and evolution - that is, 
you may
   start out to make up one thing, but conditions change, so you 
develop
   another.

   But we're within our boundaries with the development. We just put a
   double-use house over the pool. The whole pool concept here is for
   multiple use. Where you see carpentry, they're solar collectors. 
There'll
   be solar collectors on both sides. I intend to use the pool water 
- 30,000
   gallons - as heat storage to heat the greenhouse at night. We'll 
overheat
   the pool during the day - we generally swim in the mornings - we 
can draw
   20 degrees from 30,000 gallons at night to heat the greenhouse, 
with a
   little radiator and small pumps. We'll even have an alternative of 
a small
   windmill to run the pumps.

   I have a plan downstream within the next five years of putting a 
computer
   in that little side room in there and running this house off a 
computer.
   That is, with sensors at every heat outlet for the furnace. 
Controlling
   every vent from the computer, among other things. We're going to 
put a
   chimney up that corner of the sunroof with a big Fisher stove 
downstairs
   with a shroud over it, and we will put a duct down the furnace. 
We're
   going to put a rather strong fan down in the duct at the bottom 
because
   fans work better pulling than pushing it. And we're going to put 
another
   higher-pressure fan in the furnace system. It wasn't so new a 
furnace when
   we got it.

   We've cut the use of oil fuel in this house by a third. What we're 
going
   to do is monitor not only the big Fisher stove - the wood-burning 
stove
   downstairs - but the furnace itself and all the vents with a 
computer.
   Computers are beautiful for idiot work, you know - just sit there 
and
   listen for trouble.

   I know a lot of buildings where they do this. We'll cut our fuel
   consumption here by at last another 50 percent of what it's been. 
But our
   aim is to produce something that has a very high quality of life 
but a
   relatively low drain on the ... energy system.

   I'm not aiming just as you, Pete. I'm aiming at people who make 
crunch
   decisions. And I don't want to say something to you that I can't
   demonstrate. I'm not completely sure about all the things we're 
going to
   do. For example, we did a little experimenting with methane. 
Methane's all
   right for littler stuff, if you have a cheap way of compressing 
it. You
   see, you have multiple energy demands to balance. We drive a diesel
   automobile. It's an expensive investment, but it's actually the 
cheapest
   car I've ever owned. I could sell it right now for more than we 
paid for
   it.

   It (Mercedes Benz) has the lowest record of maintenance costs in 
the
   world. It's the most economical to maintain of any car in the 
world. The
   diesel fuel takes approximately one third the energy to produce 
that
   gasoline does. You'd have to get around 90 miles to the gallon of 
gasoline
   to match me in the ... fuel energy demands. The car will run 
400,000 miles
   and we'll have to replace it at that time.

   We're having trouble getting a manufacturer in the United States 
to pick
   up on our windmill device. A buddy of mine and I sat down two 
years ago
   and decided we were going to completely redesign the windmill. So 
we threw
   out everything we knew about windmills - "We don't know anything 
about
   windmills." - and we asked ourselves, "What do we know about air
   movement?"

   I'm a pilot and I moved right into aerodynamics immediately. He 
and I
   built an initial model that got torn down - for the parts, I 
needed the
   bearings. We improved that and built another one. We made another 
model to
   test a new concept we had involved a way to build a port bottle. 
But in
   order to do that, we have a quantum leap in the use of wind for 
power. No
   doubt of it at all.

   We have a mill that starts producing - well, depending on how you 
build it
   - it starts producing usable power at a five-knot wind. But, very
   important, we'd still be using it, at full draw, at a 50-knot 
wind. Other
   windmills feathered out or were torn apart, but ours was still 
producing
   power.

   We're having a great deal of difficulty getting a manufacturer in 
this
   country to go for it, to the point where we're just about ready to 
go to
   Japan.

   Japan is desperate for energy. We're about ready to go over there 
and say,
   "We can't get anybody in the United States to do this. Here it 
is." I
   don't want to make a million bucks off it. I don't even 
necessarily want
   to get wealthy. I just want it produced because I know we need it.

   I don't believe in fission power for the generation of electricity 
- not
   for the usual reasons. I would love to build a fission power plant 
for the
   generation of electricity. I know we have to find the energy 
somewhere. I
   say fission rather than fusion because I'm not sure about that 
either, but
   that's a different bag.

   Breeder reactors are an act of desperation which are only going to 
cause
   us enormous trouble - ENORMOUS trouble. We are condemning our
   great-great-great-GREAT-grandchildren, many times down, to cursing 
us. If
   this society goes ahead with breeder reactors, our descendants will
   rewrite the history books to erase names. They will plow up our 
cemeteries
   to use the bones to make their china.

   What's wrong with breeder reactors?

   They're targets. We're going into a period of enormous social 
unrest
   worldwide. Right now, one person, one kamikaze - I say we're going 
into
   the time of the kamikaze. As yet we don't have a means of 
preventing a
   kamikaze from hitting his target; we can't even prevent a kamikaze 
from
   hitting a president.

   Right now, one man with a light airplane loaded with explosives 
could make
   the entire downriver of the Columbia (River, major waterway 
separating
   Washington state from Oregon) uninhabitable - from Hanford over 
here.

   The thing that really gets me is not that we're going ahead with 
breeder
   reactors, but that we don't have anti-aircraft facilities and radar
   facilities around all of our existing atomic plants. We don't have 
such
   defense systems around. It is absolute stupidity.

   When you say that you have guards and protection systems around 
these
   plants, there's an assumption in that, that historically has never 
been
   accurate. This is, that all your guards and your protective people 
- the
   operative word, ABSOLUTELY - are trustworthy. That they will never 
go
   psychotic or anything like that. You're saying all of these things 
- like,
   "We don't have that kind of protective system."

   Even then, who did the programming? Who did the software? (laughs) 
What is
   your janitor like?

   What we're doing is committing ourselves to building a system 
where we
   need absolute protection. And we have no absolute protection. The
   consequences of not having that absolute protection. The 
consequences of
   not having that absolute protection (Editor's Note: are worse) 
than if we
   just let it all go to hell and got by without the energy. Go back 
to
   burning wood, coal and all kinds of nasty things.

   Weyerhaeuser (a huge wood-processing corporation headquartered in
   Washington State), for example, developed a marvelous, relatively 
low-cost
   system for converting an attic in a city house into a greenhouse, a
   thermopane greenhouse. A thermopane greenhouse in the attic of a 
house has
   some really nice pluses about it. One is, lots of times, even this 
time
   (of year) you have excess heat - a little fan will just draw it 
down into
   the rest of the house. Number two, you can grow your own winter 
vegetables
   and such. So you cut down on the trucking transportation coming in.

   I'll tell you the other thing about why we're going to atomic 
fission.
   We're being lied to on the basis of the reason we're getting them 
(the
   nuclear plants). Great, big, Hitler-type, gigantic lies. The real 
reason
   is that you have a fixed market, people who won't use it. Under 
those
   circumstances, the higher the capitalization, the greater the 
profits. So
   the choice is being made for high capitalization ways of doing 
this.

   Take an alternative example, this windmill that we developed - 
there's
   marvelous resource along the ridges watering the Columbia River. 
Because
   our mill has high-torque at zero revolutions, it beautifully lends 
itself
   to pumping water. We could take downstream water from the Columbia 
and
   pump it with wind power back up existing damns and use the existing
   hydroelectric system to a greater maximum output with this simple 
windmill
   that we designed.

   The thing can be built gigantic. We could build them as high as 
the World
   Trade Center in New York if we wanted to.

   That big?

   Oh, yes. A hundred-story high windmill would be nothing to our 
model. We
   could have it in operation in five years. So we could beat the 
demand (for
   electricity). I don't see anybody is going to go (for it), given 
the
   capitalization system that we have for production of energy. I 
don't know
   that anybody would want to use this.

   A man in Minnesota who developed a way to cut the use of natural 
gas for
   home heating approximately 25 percent in all the houses using it, 
has been
   five years trying to get it on the market. It's a simple damper 
system.
   You see, regulatory agencies tend to be taken over by the 
industries
   they're going to regulate. So a very cheap, a very simple damper 
system
   that would reduce the natural gas consumption 20 to 25 percent 
nationwide
   (and it's easy to install; a home mechanic could put the damn 
thing in).
   He's been five years trying to get a license. Two major cities in 
the
   United States - Mobile (Alabama) and Detroit (Michigan) - tested 
it and
   found it a beautiful operating system. It works. It does what he 
said it
   would do.

   There seems to be a tendency by special interests in the United 
States to
   suppress new, workable technologies.

   This is why we'll probably have to go to Japan (with the windmill 
design).

   The thing the consumer public in the United States has failed to 
recognize
   is that the interlocking directorates of oil corporations, steel
   corporations and automobile manufacturers talk to each other. 
(laughs)
   What is good for General Motors is not necessarily good for the 
country.
   It might be, but not necessarily.

   I wish General Motors would make a car that I could use. I have a 
Mercedes
   300 diesel. We get 25 miles to the gallon in town and 30 on the 
road.

   (Editor's Note: Miscellaneous data about Mercedes dealerships and 
prices,
   etc. omitted from transcript.)

   The problem with propane and methane and the other natural gases 
is the
   energy used to compress them. Where methane really shines is in a
   stationary condition. Let's say you have an internal combustion 
engine to
   run an electric generator. Methane is an ideal fuel for that if 
you have
   it available. You can take the coolant from your engine, from the 
internal
   combustion engine, and pipe it through your methane generator. It 
just so
   happens that this coolant is at an optimum temperature for gas 
engines.
   It's at an optimum temperature for getting the most methane gas 
production
   out of your methane engine. So you have a symbiotic relationship 
between
   the engine and the methane production.

   You're sitting in one place; you don't need to compress it - you 
can use
   relatively low compression factors for storage of the fuel (times 
ten
   pounds). It's ideal for cities, for example. It'd be a great way 
to go.
   Alcohol may be a better way, I don't know. It depends on the group.

   Let's take a look at modern day jihads. What lies ahead?

   We're going to have a lot of violence and upset. It's no simple, 
one
   thing. One of the things that's involved is the information 
explosion.
   Computers are going to have more influence on the society that 
involves
   this world for the next 35 years, very likely, than fire did. 
Computers
   are going to make an enormous difference.

   I'll go WAY out on a limb. I think you're going to see biological 
linkage
   between human and computer. The computer is going to enter all 
phases of
   life, including what we generally feel is our individual freedom. 
The
   minute you can make a simulation model of a segment of society, 
then it's
   predictable that you're going to be able to refine that down to 
smaller
   and smaller bits. So you're going to be able to tell eventually 
what...
   you'll have uses. You see, this is not a totally bad thing. You'll 
be able
   to tell what the energy demand of the city of Seattle will be. 
You'll be
   able to tell the energy demand of the Mount Baker district. You'll 
be able
   to tell what the energy demand of Pete MacKenzie will be.

   But you will also be able to tell what you talk, how you can talk 
Pete
   MacKenzie into buying "X". What are his buttons, yes. Now, the 
other side
   of that coin is that, historically, whenever this has happened 
people have
   tended to grow calluses.

   They're having trouble on television right now selling things on
   television commercials.

   Good!

   (laughs) Yeah. (laughs) It's one of the untold stories. That 
television
   commercials are becoming less and less effective.

   Why do you think that is?

   Well, you get talked into buying something by the commercial. You 
try it,
   and it doesn't perform the way they said it would. About the 
fourth,
   fifth, sixth or seventh time that is, depending on your resistance
   factor... (laughs)

   It finally dawns on you.

   (laughs) Yes. TV isn't all bad, oh no.

   But the commercials are.

   Not necessarily. It doesn't follow that because some are bad, all 
are bad.
   It doesn't follow that because many products are bad, all are bad 
either.

   (Beverly Herbert, Frank's wife, talks about toothpaste. MacKenzie 
says he
   uses Colgate, primarily because his mother once said her dentist 
said it's
   a superior product.)

   Aha!

   (Beverly: Well, dentistry has changed. Many of the new dentists are
   advising not to use any dentifrice. Or, if you do use any, use a 
very soft
   dentifrice.)

   I was about to bring up the fluoride thing. Human begins are 
engaged in a
   long-term, massive experiment, as I call it. We don't know how 
long the
   effect of fluoride in these forms is on our systems. Obviously the
   middle-term use of fluorides doesn't seem to cause any trouble at 
all. In
   fact, it's helpful. It's cutting down the number of cavities. What 
will be
   in the long term? Is there a genetic effect? Will there be a 
residual
   peaking of some kind of physical problem because of this? We don't 
know
   yet.

   By the time those questions are answered, it'll be too late.

   Generally, they have been for centuries. I'm working in a book 
that I'll
   publish next year. It's called "The Dosadi Experiment." It 
concerns a
   massive psychological experiment on a large population without 
their
   informed consent. The implications are all around us. You see, you 
can do
   this in science fiction because you're talking about another world,
   another people. It's way over there. (laughs) The reality comes 
back
   later.

   This is an extremely interesting area to develop. A lot of people 
think
   science fiction is over, we've done everything. They remind me of 
the 1890
   congressman who wanted to close up the patent office because we've
   invented everything. He really did. This is a true story.

   (Note: A friend of MacKenzie, knowing the interview was to take 
place,
   asked MacKenzie to pose the following question. The friend 
predicted
   Herbert's answer would be "water.")

   What's your favorite beverage?

   Favorite beverage? My god, it depends what I'm doing at the time.
   Sometimes I like beer, sometimes I like water, and sometimes I 
like wine.
   You know, the beverage you use depends on the condition you're in. 
Are you
   having a fine French dinner? You might want a 1961 Bordeaux.

   Well, I'm not going to sip Gatorade with the President's wife.

   Why not? It might be a hot day in Washington DC and you need to 
replace
   your electrolytes. So, it might be a beverage of choice, given a
   particular condition. All of these questions are really out of 
context
   because they depend on conditions.

   Is there some way we can unshackle ourselves from the agreements 
we've
   made with the universe and function more as ourselves rather than 
as a
   recorder that just plays back?

   Oh, I think we function. We're more than playback. We're more than
   playback because we have this other thing that's never been really 
defined
   - and I hope never is - called consciousness. We can see 
ourselves. We can
   even see ourselves as others see us sometimes.

   We are products of this planet, in a sense, in a very real sense. 
We are
   conditioned by the planet. We live nine months in an amniotic 
ocean where
   our mother's chemistry is conditioned by the rhythms of the 
planet. We're
   animals who were conditioning to evolve on this planet.

   We're not just bodies.

   I'm not saying that. That is not an assumption of what I'm saying. 
But I'm
   saying this is a factor, a very important factor, in what I'm 
talking
   about. The chemistry of our mothers has a very important early 
influence.
   And the earliest influences tend to be the most important. ... I 
don't
   think there's any doubt whatsoever about this. We live to the 
variation s
   in the amniotic chemistry in our mothers for nine months.

   You can dig a clam off the ocean beach out here and move it to a 
saltwater
   aquarium in Chicago. For awhile, it continues to operate on the 
tidal
   rhythms of its origin. Then it gets onto the tidal rhythms of 
Chicago.
   It'll come up where there's a high tide in Chicago. So it's 
measuring the
   movement of the moon and sun right now. A clam can sense it. We 
are, as I
   said one time, bivalves on the tide edge of the universe. We are.

   We didn't come by the word lunacy by accident. In major cities, 
the full
   moon is when the police and fire departments are most alert, for 
lunacy. I
   did a small survey in San Francisco of bartenders. The bartenders 
to a man
   - and I got no deviation from this - had customers they only saw 
during
   the full moon. They're full moon people.

   We vibrate to the rhythms of our planet, is what I'm saying. It'd 
be
   unusual if we didn't.

   What were the contributions that your family made to "Dune"?

   Bev kept the world off my neck when I was immersed in the book. 
She helped
   me find some resource materials. She keeps me well fed. People 
call in the
   morning when I'm writing. She tells them I can't come to the phone 
now.

   I have a very good friend in California, for example, Don ... , a 
former
   critic and book editor of the San Francisco Examiner, who used to 
alert me
   any time a book came along when I was doing research - here was 
something
   I might be interested in.

   How much research did you do?

   I did a year at the Library of Congress. I did about six years on 
the
   whole book ("Dune"). I leaned on Muslim and Arab history very 
heavily. I
   did an extensive study of Arab history. I also used the Library of 
the
   British Museum. I've lived in the desert. I was doing other things 
during
   those six years. Don't get the idea that was all I did. But I did 
the
   research over a six-year period (from 1959 to 1965).

   How do you maintain that goal out there, with deadlines being in 
terms of
   years instead of hours?

   Well, you really are loading the system. You're loading the 
consciousness
   and memory and so on. These labels are only approximate.

   Your coffee is great. I wish I had the recipe.

   Anybody can have it. Just go to Joseph Kittay at the Good Coffee 
Co. (in
   Seattle) and say, "I want a pound of that." (Literally, "Frank 
Herbert's
   blend.") We have to buy about 50 pounds at a time, but it keeps 
well
   frozen. We have several friends around here who buy it. In fact, 
the next
   time we go over (to Seattle) we're going to take their orders.

   This is the cheapest way to buy coffee nowadays. It's not exactly
   wholesale. But you buy it in large lots and you get a 10 to 15 
percent
   discount. Plus, a pound of this coffee - you use approximately 
one-third
   less than an equivalent amount of another coffee. So take that 
amount off
   the cost. An amount of coffee would cost you 3, let's say. So it's 
really
   the cheapest way to buy coffee.

   If you want the stuff, just tell Joe you want my blend. I worked a 
couple
   years developing it. It tastes the way coffee smells. I did a 
couple years
   of research in wine-making, the wine industry. In California, I got
   involved with making wine, studying it and discussing it until I 
developed
   a wine palate.

   Julius (a friend) said something to me one time that really hit 
me. He
   said, "In western culture, most of western culture, it is 
considered
   effete, and somehow simple, to train the palate." To educate the 
palate.
   (laughs) And that's right, it is. We don't do it. It's economically
   dangerous, too. Because if you have an educated palate, you demand 
things
   from the food industry which the food industry is not willing to 
give.
   (laughs)

   What we did on the basis of that ... (study) was we bought 20 
1/8th pounds
   of coffee in San Francisco. And a little stainless steel drip 
thing that
   made one cup of coffee and we had tasting parties. We sat down and 
made a
   cup of coffee. And we each had mocha and then we would taste it 
and try to
   describe it. Was it chocolate-like in the sense of heavy body and 
richness
   that you'd expect from chocolate? Was it thin and acid? What was 
it? You
   reduced it to word. So that you could refer to it later. Then we 
started
   blending and working on that. A little acidy, a little dark roast, 
a
   little Viennese roast, changing the roast proportions. We finally 
came up
   with just a GLORIOUS blend that you had to make one cup at a time 
because
   it wouldn't keep. (laughs) It just goes to hell in a hurry. But 
then we
   got off of that and blended from that with a high proportion of 
the rather
   acid light roast or medium roast. The medium roast mountain coffee 
which
   is about 60 percent of this blend. Then we added heavier 
increments of
   some of the darker roasts. There are very small amounts of French 
roast,
   for example. It's for the bitterness, you see, which is kind of an 
... for
   the taste buds.

   (MacKenzie has to excuse himself and asks Herbert where his 
"facilities"
   are.)

   Over there. We call it "the euphemism."

   Who is directing "Dune"? (Note: In references to a planned movie 
based on
   the book; this is VERY pre David Lynch.)

   Alejandro Jodorowski. He's a Polish-Mexican. (laughs) He's a great 
guy. I
   have seen the script and it's a damn good script. I'll believe it 
when I
   see it.

   Do you think it's going to measure up?

   How do you know? How can you say at this point? I don't even know 
if
   they're going to complete it. In movie making, you believe the 
movie when
   it comes to your local house. Then you made a judgement. Judgments 
are
   very personal, too. So beforehand, what can you say? Well, once 
they start
   the major production - that is, when they get the actors on stage 
- then
   they have to bring me in as Technical Advisor. The last I heard it 
was
   being filmed in Algeria, but I don't know for sure.

   I'm going to bring the entire Chinatown dancing dragon team to be 
the
   worm! (laughs)

   By Shai-hulud, I think you've got it!

   I don't know how they're going to do it. I don't really think 
they've
   decided yet. DeLaurentis damn near bought it, you know. In fact 
there was
   a scramble right after we got back from France this summer.

   Then Jodorowsky must be a heavyweight.

   Yeah. He's made a couple of movies that have made artistic 
splashes: "El
   Top", "Magic Month." He's also pretty much in demand in the United 
States
   today.

   Is the "Dune" trilogy complete?

   I thought it was. But now there's a lot of pressure for me to come 
back to
   it. I'm not reluctant to do it, but I wouldn't do it JUST because 
people
   want me to do it. I've got to want to and I've got to have a 
concept that
   lends itself to a really good story.

   The thing that attracts me is, say, coming back to the character 
of Leto
   3,500 years later. (Regarding Leto's apparent immortality:) Not
   completely, but very long-lived.

   I have this theory that heroes are bad for society, human society. 
And
   that superheroes are super bad. Some of the stuff that Kennedy 
did, for
   example, is just coming out. The problem with heroes and 
superheroes is
   that we don't question their decisions.

   (Speaking of heroes:) How do you handle people's reactions to your
   success?

   The role patterns are very fixed in our society. I taught at the
   University of Washington for awhile. And the first to two classes 
I had to
   shatter all of those illusions. Say "shit" four or five times, you 
know?
   And sometimes even worse. You really have to do things that break 
up the
   patterns.

   I worked for awhile last week to try and get a woman to run for 
president
   of the Science Fiction Writers of America. Not because I'm a great 
women's
   libber or anything else, but because I think the conditioned 
differences
   between men and women in our society are so great that we tend to 
create,
   by the time people are 20 years old, two different species. Not 
that they
   really are two different species, but the difference in 
conditioning is
   such that there are ways of looking at our universe that are very
   different, given the difference of the sexes.

   So I was being very selfish. I wanted that other look at the 
organization.
   But I couldn't get any takers.

   (Photographer Don Anderson brings up the subject of drugs as a 
recurring
   theme in Herbert's work.)

   We as a society, as a species, tend to have a very unwholesome
   relationship, a very deadly relationship, with drugs. There is 
only one
   drug in our society where, if you really get an addict and you 
cold turkey
   that addict, you are condemning the addict to death. He'll die 
every time
   - and that's alcohol. Not heroin, but alcohol.

   Heroin very seldom kills an addict on cold turkey. It's a rough 
go, but he
   doesn't die of it. But a real alcoholic will die every time.

   Also, there are some misinformations in our society about drugs. 
It's
   recently been discovered, something that if you just thought about 
it for
   awhile - that I did a long time ago and I've been writing about it 
for a
   long time, pecking away at it - you'd see that of course this is 
true.

   If you cannot stop all of the drugs from getting into the country 
and you
   capture party of them, you merely raise the price of what remains 
on the
   street. And that's our real problem in this country. It is not 
that people
   are using drugs, but that they are ripping off society to support 
their
   habit and the profits are going to organized crime.

   The major source of addicts in our society - three-fourths of the 
new
   addictions - are literally created by existing addicts turning on 
other
   people to get a market to support their own habits. There's an 
easy way to
   cut down three-fourths of the new addictions in this country, and 
that's
   take the profit out of it. You don't eliminate the problem, you 
just
   reduce its dimensions.

   It's a medical problem. It's a medical, sociological, psychological
   problem. It's not a criminal problem.

   How would you feel about, as a solution, distributing junk to 
junkies for
   free?

   Free, or for 50 cents at the local drugstore, yeah. I would think 
that
   would be a major way to cut the dimensions of the problem. But, of 
course,
   you have transactional relationships between that portion of the
   bureaucracy which justifies its existence by there being bad 
people who
   use it, you see, and they who protect us from the bad people. 
They're not
   protecting us. They're making the problem worse.

   So you have the ... (drug law enforcement agencies) in a sense,
   unconsciously in league and sometimes overtly in league with 
organized
   crime. And the profits are enormous. You know what happened to the 
heroin
   they confiscated in the "French connection"? It disappeared from 
the
   police property room in New York City.

   The profits are so enormous they can buy the sister of a reigning 
monarch.
   They can buy diplomats and their unexaminable pouches. The Korean 
embassy
   has been deeply into this trade all over the world. They can buy 
police
   forces in the major cities in the United States. They can buy 
border
   guards along a whole string of the border.

   I mean, you offer five men two million dollars to bring in a load 
that
   will make you 50 million. That's a small piece off the top.

   And we should have learned the lesson with Prohibition. One of the 
things
   we did with Prohibition was we put enough capital in the hands of
   organized crime that when we eliminated Prohibition, they could 
turn to
   something else, which was the hard drugs. Unless you can stop all 
of it,
   unless you can absolutely lock up the ... (pushers), and get all 
of it off
   the street, our methods, if they weren't so terrible in their 
results,
   they would be humorous. They're ludicrous.

   And the public's been lied and lied and lied to about the effects 
of the
   system. What we have is an open-ended system on the price an 
addict will
   pay for his fix. That means we'll never discover the top limit of 
what
   he'll pay. They'll pay your life, your mother's life, all your 
possessions
   - anything that they can get their hands on.

   You see, the hard drugs are not the problem. It is the crime to 
support
   the hard drugs business that's the problem. So the enormous lies 
that have
   been told to this society by an entrenched bureaucracy which is
   maintaining its own self-justification by increasing lies.

   What is that bureaucracy?

   It's the drug enforcement agencies. They see themselves as a
   quasi-military police force which is protecting us from the 
terrible demon
   at our borders. And they know damn well they can't keep it all 
out. Every
   time they take some off the streets and catch it at the border, 
all they
   do is raise the price. They put increasing pressure on the addicts 
to
   commit greater crimes, to get more money to support their habits.

   There are some weird things going on in our society and this is 
one of the
   weirdest, because we went through this with alcohol in 
Prohibition. But
   this hard drug business is really outrageous. We are creating new 
addicts.
   Seventy-five percent of the new addicts are being created by the 
system.
   And changing that system, taking the profit out of it, wouldn't 
eliminate
   the problem. It would merely reduce it to more manageable 
proportions,
   where we could begin to handle it as a medical and psychological 
problem.

   We can't handle the problem AT ALL given its present dimensions. 
The
   unholy alliance between that part of the bureaucracy which is 
supposed to
   be protecting us from this and organized crime is THERE.

   What are your plans?

   I'll do some kind of another book. I have a couple of ideas. I'm 
working
   on this place so that we'll eventually have a seminar centers. 
We're
   trying to be as constructive as possible.

   I would like to leave a legacy: a world that's slightly better 
than the
   one I found.

   Don wanted to take some pictures. Why don't we take a little walk?

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   1998-1999, Andrew Lovette.

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