# converted from Moravec 1998 <https://jetpress.org/volume1/moravec.htm> Figure 2 Appendix <https://www.jetpress.org/volume1/appendix.htm> |
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# original header: Machine Year Cost k$ 1997k$ MBytes MIPS MIPS/1997k$ |
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Machine |
Year |
Cost.dollars.thousands |
1997.dollars.thousands |
MBytes |
MIPS |
MIPSper1997.dollars.thousands |
By Hand |
1892 |
8.5 |
142 |
0.0000954 |
0.0000000119 |
8.37E-11 |
Ohdner |
1891 |
11 |
172 |
0.000000149 |
0.00000000333 |
1.94E-11 |
Steiger Millionaire |
1900 |
12 |
187 |
0.000000358 |
0.0000000133 |
7.12E-11 |
Hollerith |
1908 |
50 |
694 |
0.000286 |
0.0000000185 |
2.67E-11 |
Analytical Engine |
1910 |
1000 |
12400 |
0.0244 |
0.000000377 |
3.05E-11 |
Monroe Calculator |
1911 |
35 |
470 |
0.00000286 |
0.0000000218 |
4.64E-11 |
IBM Tabulator |
1919 |
20 |
126 |
0.0000238 |
0.0000000412 |
3.27E-10 |
Torres Arithmometer |
1920 |
25 |
141 |
0.00000477 |
0.0000000358 |
2.53E-10 |
National-Ellis 3000 |
1928 |
15 |
135 |
0.00000429 |
0.0000000738 |
5.46E-10 |
Burroughs Class 16 |
1929 |
15 |
137 |
0.00000429 |
0.0000000738 |
5.37E-10 |
Zuse-1 |
1938 |
10 |
111 |
0.0000305 |
0.0000000424 |
3.82E-10 |
Zuse-2 |
1939 |
10 |
113 |
0.0000305 |
0.000000424 |
0.00000000375 |
BTL Model 1 |
1939 |
50 |
565 |
0.00000381 |
0.000002 |
0.00000000354 |
Zuse-3 |
1941 |
50 |
499 |
0.000244 |
0.00000204 |
0.00000000409 |
BTL Model 2 |
1943 |
50 |
422 |
0.0000119 |
0.00000103 |
0.00000000244 |
Colossus |
1943 |
100 |
844 |
0.00000238 |
0.000224 |
0.000000265 |
BTL Model 3 |
1943 |
200 |
1690 |
0.0000429 |
0.00000283 |
0.00000000168 |
ASCC (Mark 1) |
1944 |
300 |
2520 |
0.000601 |
0.00000233 |
9.26E-10 |
Zuse-4 |
1945 |
50 |
412 |
0.000244 |
0.00000204 |
0.00000000496 |
BTL Model 5 |
1946 |
500 |
3610 |
0.000147 |
0.00000329 |
9.12E-10 |
ENIAC |
1946 |
600 |
4330 |
0.0000954 |
0.00289 |
0.000000668 |
Harvard Mark 2 |
1947 |
300 |
1770 |
0.000488 |
0.00000622 |
0.00000000352 |
IBM SSEC |
1948 |
500 |
2710 |
0.0000458 |
0.000597 |
0.00000022 |
EDSAC |
1949 |
100 |
571 |
0.00214 |
0.00255 |
0.00000446 |
SEAC |
1950 |
800 |
4400 |
0.00549 |
0.00416 |
0.000000944 |
UNIVAC I |
1951 |
930 |
4590 |
0.00537 |
0.00575 |
0.00000125 |
Zuse-5 |
1952 |
100 |
508 |
0.000244 |
0.00000933 |
0.0000000184 |
IBM CPC |
1952 |
100 |
508 |
0.000154 |
0.00176 |
0.00000347 |
IBM 650 |
1953 |
200 |
1030 |
0.00488 |
0.000966 |
0.00000094 |
EDVAC |
1954 |
500 |
2570 |
0.00537 |
0.0017 |
0.000000661 |
Whirlwind |
1955 |
200 |
1030 |
0.00391 |
0.0694 |
0.0000677 |
Librascope LGP-30 |
1955 |
30 |
154 |
0.0146 |
0.000701 |
0.00000456 |
IBM 704 |
1955 |
2000 |
10300 |
0.0352 |
0.0536 |
0.00000523 |
IBM 7090 |
1959 |
3000 |
14200 |
0.141 |
0.326 |
0.0000229 |
IBM 1620 |
1960 |
200 |
947 |
0.0122 |
0.00103 |
0.00000109 |
DEC PDP-1 |
1960 |
150 |
710 |
0.0176 |
0.124 |
0.000175 |
Atlas |
1961 |
5000 |
23800 |
0.0234 |
1.4 |
0.0000588 |
Burroughs 5000 |
1962 |
1000 |
4750 |
0.0254 |
0.0989 |
0.0000208 |
IBM 7040 |
1963 |
560 |
2670 |
0.07 |
0.063 |
0.0000236 |
Honeywell 1800 |
1963 |
1400 |
6670 |
0.093 |
0.15 |
0.0000225 |
DEC PDP-6 |
1964 |
300 |
1420 |
0.0703 |
0.169 |
0.000119 |
CDC 6600 |
1964 |
5000 |
23700 |
4 |
8.76 |
0.000369 |
IBM 1130 |
1965 |
50 |
233 |
0.0156 |
0.15 |
0.000644 |
IBM 360/75 |
1966 |
5000 |
22500 |
8 |
2.54 |
0.000113 |
IBM 360/65 |
1967 |
3000 |
13500 |
4 |
1.24 |
0.0000918 |
DEC PDP-10 |
1968 |
500 |
2190 |
0.562 |
0.655 |
0.000299 |
CDC 7600 |
1969 |
10000 |
42300 |
8 |
25.7 |
0.000608 |
DG Nova |
1969 |
7.6 |
32.1 |
0.008 |
0.117 |
0.00366 |
GE-635 |
1970 |
2000 |
8140 |
0.5 |
0.649 |
0.0000797 |
SDS 920 |
1971 |
100 |
394 |
0.25 |
0.105 |
0.000266 |
IBM 360/195 |
1972 |
8000 |
30200 |
0.5 |
17.3 |
0.000573 |
Honeywell 700 |
1972 |
12 |
45.2 |
0.031 |
0.075 |
0.00166 |
Prime Computer 100 |
1973 |
8.5 |
28.4 |
0.031 |
0.36 |
0.0127 |
IBM-370/168 |
1974 |
2000 |
5610 |
1 |
8.88 |
0.00158 |
MITS Altair |
1974 |
0.5 |
1.4 |
0.00024 |
0.01 |
0.00713 |
DG Eclipse |
1975 |
50 |
129 |
0.25 |
0.47 |
0.00366 |
DEC-KL-10 |
1975 |
500 |
1290 |
4.5 |
2.3 |
0.00179 |
DEC PDP-11/70 |
1976 |
150 |
368 |
0.125 |
0.4 |
0.00109 |
Cray-1 |
1976 |
10000 |
24500 |
32 |
150 |
0.00612 |
Apple II |
1977 |
1.3 |
3.02 |
0.0039 |
0.02 |
0.00662 |
DEC VAX 11/780 |
1977 |
200 |
464 |
8 |
1 |
0.00215 |
TRS-80 |
1977 |
2 |
4.64 |
0.015 |
0.04 |
0.00861 |
Commodore PET |
1977 |
1.5 |
3.48 |
0.008 |
0.06 |
0.0172 |
CDC IPL |
1978 |
500 |
1080 |
1 |
7.5 |
0.00697 |
Nanodata VMX200 |
1979 |
300 |
571 |
2 |
2.1 |
0.00367 |
TRS-80 M3 |
1980 |
1.2 |
2 |
0.015 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
Sun-1 |
1980 |
30 |
50.1 |
1 |
0.484 |
0.00966 |
CDC Cyber-205 |
1981 |
9000 |
13900 |
16 |
73.2 |
0.00528 |
Vic 20 |
1981 |
0.279 |
0.43 |
0.005 |
0.04 |
0.0931 |
IBM PC |
1982 |
2.5 |
3.75 |
0.0469 |
0.238 |
0.0634 |
Sun-2 |
1982 |
20 |
30 |
2 |
0.741 |
0.0247 |
Commodore 64 |
1982 |
0.5 |
0.75 |
0.0825 |
0.2 |
0.267 |
TRS-80 M4 |
1983 |
1 |
1.49 |
0.0635 |
0.2 |
0.134 |
Vax 11/750 |
1983 |
50 |
74.4 |
4 |
0.799 |
0.0107 |
Macintosh-128K |
1984 |
2.5 |
3.62 |
0.125 |
0.52 |
0.144 |
Vax 11/785 |
1984 |
200 |
290 |
0.0156 |
2.26 |
0.0078 |
Cray-2 |
1985 |
10000 |
14500 |
1950 |
824 |
0.0569 |
L.Edge XT-7.16 |
1985 |
2 |
2.89 |
0.25 |
0.26 |
0.09 |
Atari 800XL |
1985 |
0.85 |
1.23 |
0.64 |
0.165 |
0.134 |
Sun-3 |
1986 |
10 |
14.1 |
4 |
2.05 |
0.145 |
DEC VAX 8650 |
1986 |
125 |
176 |
16 |
7.71 |
0.0438 |
MIT XT-8 |
1986 |
0.5 |
0.705 |
0.25 |
0.534 |
0.758 |
Mac II |
1987 |
3 |
4.11 |
2 |
2.5 |
0.608 |
Sun-4 |
1987 |
10 |
13.7 |
16 |
1.87 |
0.136 |
Mac-IIx |
1988 |
9.3 |
12.1 |
4 |
3.9 |
0.322 |
CompuAdd 386-16 |
1988 |
2.1 |
2.73 |
1 |
2.8 |
1.02 |
PC Brand 386-25 |
1988 |
2.45 |
3.2 |
1 |
4.3 |
1.35 |
Mark 386 |
1989 |
12 |
15.2 |
2 |
12.9 |
0.849 |
Wang VS 10000 |
1989 |
510 |
646 |
16 |
103 |
0.159 |
Macintosh SE30 |
1989 |
6.49 |
8.23 |
5 |
3.9 |
0.474 |
Solbourne 5/500 |
1989 |
50 |
63.3 |
2 |
25.5 |
0.403 |
Stardent 3000 |
1990 |
89 |
109 |
32 |
27.3 |
0.249 |
Amiga 2500/30 |
1990 |
4.7 |
5.78 |
2 |
19.5 |
3.37 |
Acer 1200 |
1990 |
11 |
13.5 |
4 |
20 |
1.48 |
MVME165 |
1990 |
4 |
4.92 |
4 |
16.6 |
3.37 |
Power VEISA |
1990 |
5.8 |
7.13 |
6 |
22.1 |
3.1 |
Dell 320LX |
1990 |
2.9 |
3.57 |
1 |
12.5 |
3.5 |
Mac IIfx |
1990 |
9.87 |
12.1 |
4 |
10 |
0.824 |
Amiga 3000 |
1990 |
3.3 |
4.06 |
2 |
12.5 |
3.08 |
VMPM868KD |
1990 |
2.9 |
3.57 |
2 |
12.5 |
3.5 |
Step 486/33 |
1990 |
10 |
12.3 |
80 |
17.5 |
1.42 |
Gateway-486DX2/66 |
1991 |
3.9 |
4.66 |
8 |
30.9 |
6.64 |
ACT 468/33 |
1991 |
3.4 |
4.06 |
4 |
21.8 |
5.37 |
Slimline SP486DX |
1991 |
3.6 |
4.3 |
4 |
21.8 |
5.07 |
Mac-Quadra-900 |
1991 |
3.3 |
3.94 |
8 |
22 |
5.58 |
AST Bravo |
1992 |
1.4 |
1.62 |
2 |
12.9 |
7.95 |
IBM PS/2 55-041 |
1992 |
2 |
2.32 |
4 |
10.6 |
4.57 |
AST Premium II |
1992 |
2.8 |
3.25 |
4 |
13.2 |
4.07 |
IBM PS/2 90 |
1992 |
9.6 |
11.1 |
8 |
22.4 |
2.01 |
NEC Powermate |
1992 |
4.8 |
5.56 |
4 |
21.8 |
3.92 |
Aberdeen Mini |
1993 |
2.8 |
3.15 |
2 |
16.2 |
5.14 |
IBM Valuepoint |
1993 |
3.6 |
4.05 |
4 |
26.1 |
6.44 |
Acer Power |
1993 |
3.5 |
3.94 |
4 |
44.5 |
11.3 |
Ambra Desktop |
1993 |
2.4 |
2.7 |
2 |
21.1 |
7.81 |
DECpc LPv |
1993 |
2.9 |
3.26 |
4 |
16.6 |
5.09 |
AST Pemmia |
1993 |
3.6 |
4.05 |
2 |
16.2 |
4 |
NEC 486SL DX2 |
1994 |
3.8 |
4.15 |
4 |
31.9 |
7.68 |
Vesa |
1994 |
1.2 |
1.31 |
4 |
20 |
15.3 |
AT&T System 3260 |
1994 |
2.5 |
2.73 |
8 |
44 |
16.1 |
IBM 433/DX/Si |
1994 |
1.8 |
1.97 |
4 |
26.1 |
13.3 |
Micron 466 Wndsrvr |
1994 |
3.6 |
3.93 |
16 |
54.7 |
13.9 |
AST PremiaGXP/90 |
1994 |
5.8 |
6.34 |
16 |
98.6 |
15.6 |
AT&T Globalyst 600 |
1994 |
4.8 |
5.25 |
16 |
98.6 |
18.8 |
ZEOS Contenda 386 |
1994 |
1 |
1.09 |
4 |
20 |
18.3 |
Gateway 2000 486 |
1994 |
1 |
1.09 |
2 |
16.2 |
14.8 |
PowerMac 7100/66 |
1994 |
2.9 |
3.17 |
8 |
100 |
31.6 |
PowerMac 8100/80 |
1994 |
4.25 |
4.64 |
16 |
120 |
25.8 |
PowerMac 8500/120 |
1995 |
4 |
4.24 |
16 |
180 |
42.4 |
PowerMac 9500/132 |
1995 |
5.3 |
5.62 |
16 |
200 |
35.6 |
Intel Xpress/60 |
1995 |
2 |
2.12 |
8 |
70 |
33 |
Gateway P5-75 |
1996 |
2 |
2.06 |
16 |
92 |
44.7 |
Power Tower 180e |
1996 |
3.3 |
3.39 |
16 |
300 |
88.4 |
PowerMac 7600/132 |
1996 |
3 |
3.09 |
16 |
160 |
51.8 |
Gateway G6-200 |
1997 |
2.95 |
2.95 |
64 |
350 |
119 |